in general, a gamification framework is an abstraction design to implement the gamification design (generally, independent of the context, for instance, education, marketing, health sciences, and others).
Actually, have a lot of different gamification frameworks available. One of the most used gamification frameworks is the 6D framework. The 6D framework is a design process with the next six elements, steps or premises: Define Business Objectives, Delineate target behavior, Describe your players, Devise activity loops, Don't forget the fun, Deploy appropriate tools. Link for more information: http://useragiledevelopment.blogspot.ca/2013/06/gamification-6d-framework.html
I would like to recommend you, the paper "A Literature Review of Gamification Design Frameworks" that provide a review of the literature on gamification design frameworks, categorizing existing approaches and provides an assessment of their main features, which may prove invaluable to developers of gamified solutions at different levels and scopes. Link of this paper: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/7295760/?reload=true
It includes game mechanics and implementation generics independent of the domain. You could take a look on our experiments with gamification in the education:
Conference Paper New model of mobile learning for the high school students pr...
Article GAMIFICATION FOR EDUCATION
Article GAMIFICATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION: KAZAN FEDERAL UNIVERSITY PRIMER
To complement Wilk's suggestion, I would recommed also the Octalysis framework: http://yukaichou.com/gamification-examples/octalysis-complete-gamification-framework/
I have seen that most of the colleagues have applied Octalysis, but what about the publications of Raftopoulos?
Raftopoulos, M. (2014). Towards gamification transparency: A conceptual framework for the development of responsible gamified enterprise systems. Journal of Gaming & Virtual Worlds, 6(2), 159-178.
Raftopoulos, M., Walz, S., & Greuter, S. (2015). How enterprises play: Towards a taxonomy for enterprise gamification. In Conference: Diversity of Play: Games–Cultures-Identities. DiGRA. Recuperado de https://goo. gl/3PD4f9.