Gamification can be a powerful (sometimes too powerful) tool for change, but it can easily do more harm than good. Thankfully, all of these problems can be avoided by doing the right qualitative research early in the design process. These are some of the most common qualitative methods: Observations: recording what you have seen, heard, or encountered in detailed field notes. Interviews: personally asking people questions in one-on-one conversations. Focus groups: asking questions and generating discussion among a group of people. Qualitative research focuses on gaining insight and understanding about an individual's perception of events and circumstances. Once the process route has been decided, Process Flow Diagrams (PFDs) are created which show the main pieces of process equipment and where material is flowing (Supply Chain activities).