Dear Dr. Manoj Kumar Yadav,
Spring wheat is sown in March or April and harvested in July or August whereas Winter wheat is sown in September or October and is ready to be harvested in the summer. Spring wheat does not contain a high amount of protein, and is appropriate for making cakes and pastries whereas winter wheat grain contains a high amount of protein and is suitable for making bread.
The difference is in the sowing date. In Slovak conditions, winter wheat is sown in autumn and spring wheat is sown in spring. In Slovakia, winter wheat is harvested earlier than spring wheat. Both wheats are harvested in summer. Spring wheat gives lower yields.
From a biological point of view the difference between spring and winter wheat should be based on vernalization requirements, regardless of sowing or harvesting time. Spring wheat can be planted in autumn where winter is not severe and plants can overwinter. Winter wheat can be planted in spring, generally earlier, where low temperatures are sufficient to satisfy the vernalization requirements.
Therefore defining spring and winter wheat only on the basis of sowing or harvesting time is biologically wrong.
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