The neurology of learning to ride a bike is illustrated in the left panel (this is not a proof but rather a heuristic, Fig, 3 of Gallistel et al. 2022). The cell is a Purkinje neuron (that is being classically conditioned). Imagine that after months of conscious, declarative training a child by day 600 (trial 600 in the figure, left panel) is finally off on his or her bicycle. This behavioral change should be reflected as an abrupt modification in neural firing within the cerebellum and the neocortex (Gallistel et al. 2022). Furthermore, the ‘consciousness’ of neocortex is immediately informed about the accomplishment once the child rides off on the bike (Ikeda et al. 1994; Libet 1985; Soon et al. 2008). Curiously, once learned. all records of the months of learning to ride seem to disappear which is why we all think (wrongly) that learning to ride a bike is a procedural, motor accomplishment rather than a conscious, declarative accomplishment. But we (including all parents that assist in the learning) all know better (see Tehovnik, Hasanbegović, and Chen 2024).
Contrary to what many assume (e.g., Duhamel, Goldberg et al. 1992), the efference-copy coding circuitry is located at the level of the Purkinje synapses, the same synapses that are modified during classical conditioning (Bell et al. 1997; De Zeeuw 2021; Gallistel et al. 2022; Giovannucci et al. 2017; Loyola et al. 2019; Shadmehr 2020; Tehovnik et al. 2021; Wang et al. 2023); the coding circuitry after being configured anew following a first successful bike ride, will require updates throughout life. For instance, such adjustments are made when a child’s vestibular system needs to undergo change due to body growth and further adjustments are made when the body begins to decline due to old age.
The learning of bicycle is the same as macenical learning of any job, but the it balancing may be the part of other regions of brain. The balance of bicycle is separate art of brain as such as the involvement of action in enternal ear also.
The further studies are required to establish the fact.
Dr. Pramod
I would recommend that you read the work of Stephen Lisberger and colleagues at Duke University, who are world experts of the vestibular system and therefore deserves you attention. Lisberger has authored many dozens of paper on this topic--all peer reviewed.
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