What factors influence the occurrence and growth of mangroves and biotic and abiotic factors that affect population growth?
Mangrove distribution is primarily determined by sea level and its fluctuations. Other secondary factors are: air temperature, salinity, ocean currents, storms, shore slope, and soil substrate. Most mangroves live on muddy soils, but they also can grow on sand, peat, and coral rock. Several environmental factors, particularly physical factors such as distance from the sea or the estuary bank, temperature, ocean currents, salinity, frequency and duration of tidal inundation, and soil composition, affect the spatial distribution and species composition of mangroves. Requirements for the development of mangroves are: Average temperature of the coldest month higher than 20°C; the seasonal temperature range should not exceed 5°C. They are not resistant to freezing. Physical influences can include such things as tides, waves, currents, temperature, sedimentation, hydrology, and storms. Another outside effect on mangrove ecology is chemical. Salinity, nutrients, minerals, and pollution affect the growth and development of the prop gules. There are four major factors which influence the nature and growth of vegetation. These are: climate, soils, nature of the surface, and man. Where the factors are favourable, plants grow well, where they are not, plant growth is slowed down. Biotic factors refer to the living or once-living organisms in an ecosystem and their impacts such as predation, competition, food supply, human impacts and parasites. Environmental factors such as rainfall, climate, predators, shelter and food availability can change. he biotic factors refer to all the living beings present in an ecosystem, and the abiotic factors refer to all the non-living components like physical conditions and chemical agents. Abiotic factors, such as light intensity and water availability, affect population size because when these conditions are ideal then organisms can grow and reproduce successfully. Biotic factors are defined as the living components or factors that affect an ecosystem or other organisms living in that ecosystem. Bacteria that live inside the intestine of an animal act as biotic factors that have acquired the role of helping with the proper digestion of the food in the intestine. Biotic variables such as insects, rats, pests and many more spread the disease and decrease the yield of crops. The crop elevation is killed by abiotic variables such as humidity, temperature , humidity, wind , rain, flood and many more. . The resistant variety can withstand these variables and produce a high yield.
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