In a chemical reaction, the limiting reagent is the reactant that determines how much of the products are made. The other reactants are sometimes referred to as being in excess, since there will be some leftover after the limiting reagent is completely used up. The maximum amount of product that can be produced is called the theoretical yield. I

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What kinds of tests or experiments can be used with reaction kinetics and mass transfer and realize the importance of two factors?

You can determine the rate controlling mechanism of your gas-solid reaction according to shrinking core model (SCM). You have to do at least 2 kinetic experiments with constant gas concentration. In the experiments, you have to vary the particle diameter and write down the time required to achieve a particular conversion. For each experiment, you can calculate the kinetic constants (by neglecting mass transfer step) and the mass transfer coefficients (by negelecting reaction step). If you get the same kinetic constants for both experiments, you can safely say that chemical reaction is the controlling mechanism. Otherwise, if you get the same mass transfer coefficients for both experiments, you can safely say that mass transfer is the controlling mechanism.

For detail examples and equations, you can refer to Levenspiel 3rd edition (Chapter 25). My explanation above is inspired from Problem 25.7-25.10 Levenspiel 3rd edition (page 587). I hope my explanation can help you.