Paddy straw biodegradation involves a complex interaction of microbial consortia, including bacteria and fungi, that produce key enzymes such as cellulases, hemicellulases, and ligninases. These enzymes break down lignocellulosic components into simpler compounds, facilitating nutrient recycling and organic matter decomposition. Understanding these enzymatic pathways and microbial interactions is crucial for optimizing biodegradation processes in sustainable agriculture and waste management.