It seems to be a very promising material for solar cell, better than DSSC and OPV.
Burschka et al. showed that their encapsulated perovskite cell (mesoporous TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3) maintained more than 80% of its initial PCE (15%) after 500h of ageing under 100 mW/cm² @ 45°C (doi:10.1038/nature12340). Keeping in mind that e.g. average OPV material degrades much faster and that only almost no research effort was done for studying and increasing the lifetime, these early results appear promising.
A more critical issue for commercialization is the morphology that hinders upscaling to large areas due to incomplete covering and incomplete transformation of PbI2 into the pero structure. Slowing down the crystallization process, e.g. by chloride sensitization, seems to work...
I think solar cell based on Perovskite (CH3NH3)PbI3 will be commercialized soon.
Yes, It is a very promising light harvesting material but regarding the commercializion stage, the lead-based perovskites must be replaced with an environmentally friendly material.
It is not easy to fabrication due to an expensive materials such as HTM...
A JACS paper published just now reported that CuI can be used as HTM. A very cheap HTM. In 5 years, we will see.
You are right. While, it cost more than 20 years for DSSC to reach 13%. It's only couple of years for Perovskite (CH3NH3)PbI3. The gold used as electrode could be a problem for this kind of solar cell/.
It's definitely an interesting material. I don't see Pb being a huge issue, CdTe and CIGS solar cells contain more toxic elements and are mass-produced. I think the key factor where perovskites have to prove themselves is long-term stability (same issue as OPV and DSSC - there's no point being say 5x cheaper than silicon if the panels have to be replaced 10x as often).
A new paper in APL stated that 10.5% efficiency without HTM was made. Here, no organic material was used. This is a good news for reducing the cost and stability.
Here's the link
http://www.iop.cas.cn/xwzx/kydt/201402/P020140213616056910499.pdf
Manuel Schnabel is right. CH3NH3PbI3 can be disolved in water and even deliquate in moisture. how could people expect such material to be stable? This is a more essential issue than efficiency and cost.
I recently did a stability test , in fact, it is not so bad.
guys,let work hard
@Chong Chen, could you please elaborate on the condition of your stability test? Did you do damp heat test?
Now research has begun to replace Pb in perovskite by Tin metal.
But which is most sensitive, hygroscopic and less stable.
Basically, anything black and matches the energy diagram can be used. I agree with Xiangxin Liu, stability is a problem for this. Recent paper reported cheaper organic HTM was used. I am concerning about the gold or silver electrode.
I agree that as a class of materials, perovskites hold a lot of potential as they have high absorption coefficients, high mobilities, and high elemental abundance. I am observing that momentum in research is quickly being transferred from polymer and small molecule OPV to perovskites.
In particular though, I think (CH3NH3)PbI3 would be difficult to commercialize. The fact that it is so hygroscopic means it would probably need glass-on-glass encapsulation. Since glass is quite expensive it could not be significantly cheaper than silicon on a per area basis. What is needed is a more stable material which can be paired with cheaper encapsulation materials. If a tolerable lifetime and efficiency could be achieved on plastic substrates with a much more stable perovskite, then a real marketable product could be possible. Something quite less than the $0.50/Wp of silicon would be needed.
Low efficiency and low lifetime cells will not have much potential, as module costs are only about 20% of the total system cost in the US -- installation is quite expensive. As Manuel said, it wouldn't make economic sense to swap out panels every 10 years or less, even if they were free. The first place we might see them could be as a top layer for a tandem with silicon, since they have a fairly high bandgap and the encapsulation is already in place.
Burschka et al. showed that their encapsulated perovskite cell (mesoporous TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3) maintained more than 80% of its initial PCE (15%) after 500h of ageing under 100 mW/cm² @ 45°C (doi:10.1038/nature12340). Keeping in mind that e.g. average OPV material degrades much faster and that only almost no research effort was done for studying and increasing the lifetime, these early results appear promising.
A more critical issue for commercialization is the morphology that hinders upscaling to large areas due to incomplete covering and incomplete transformation of PbI2 into the pero structure. Slowing down the crystallization process, e.g. by chloride sensitization, seems to work...
High abs effciency and long charge trans. And it's cheaper than Si. The disadv is the stability.
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