I personally think that choices 1 and 4 contribute to the development of postoperative delirium. the intraoperative medications used as well as the patients' medical history contributes to the development of postperative delirium. the management of postoperative pain may also influence the condition. best regards.

Anesthetic options ( drugs, drug overdose, hypocapnia)in susceptible patients (elderly, comorbidities).

It can be attributed to many factors depending on individual patient variation. Common factors could be old age, co-morbidities ie dm, thyroid, ckd,...drug overdose or in some cases even normal use of opioid and barbiturates is midazolam.

The number of possible risk factors for perioperative neurocognitive disorders that have been investigated is dazzlingly high. However, the pathogenetic pathway leading to postoperative delirium is still unknown. Neuroinflammation in the context of a surgical stress response has been a popular hypothesis in recent years. Surgery seems to be the culprit, not anesthesia.

Postoperative delirium is predictable to a certain extend using traditional models or AI. Besides advanced age, pre-existing cognitive impairment is consistently reported as an important risk factor.

In my opinion, comorbidities and hemodynamic instability

In my opinion, comorbidities and hemodynamic instability

In my opinion, comorbidities and hemodynamic instability

Though exact cause of Post operative delirium (POD) is unclear but the pre disposing factors are age > 65, systemic diseases eg. hypertension, DM, parkinson's and other neurological disorders, drugs, preoperative electrolyte imbalance, prolonged fasting leading to hypoglycemia and dehydration, intraoperative hypotension, hypothermia, bleeding, inadequate analgesia, long surgeries all may contribute in precipitating POD.

Co-morbidities

type of surgery like spinal surgeries, elderly patient, major blood loss

Important risk factors for postoperative delirium were delirium in the medical history and advancing age

Dear Nicolai,

all factors may be the case, as delirium has an mulifactoral etiology. We designed a theory for its pathophysiology (septic encepalopathy/delirium in intensive care). See ourDeleted research item The research item mentioned here has been deleted

Greetings!

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comorbidities and haemodynamic instability