Here are some preliminary thoughts. Please add some practical and uncontroversial suggestions of your own...
1. If the paper is accepted, include the name of the referee in the acknowledgements. Of course this would not change the anonymity circumstance during the submission process and it could lead to increased scientific rigour.
2. Define a notion of secondary authorship status. If the editor believes that the referee has made a useful contribution to the paper, add the name of the referee as a secondary author. This should be counted as up to half a publication in the annual evaluation process at the referee's university. This experience could result in a better understanding of the value of collaboration to science.
3. Editor facilitates and mediates an informative and useful discussion between the authors and the referee, so that the referee benefits scientifically from their time invested and the author is less likely to feel unheard.
I agree with your first point but the second point can lead to many problems. Unscrupulous people may force their names in the paper even though they might not contribute much. The editor who is already burdened will now have to mediate for inclusion of name. The third point is also ok but increases work of editor by many folds. Another way is to create some index similar to citation index for reviewers who have reviewed papers. If the paper gets cited more then the reviewer should also get some credit.
I agree with the idea of naming referees, if they still have possibility of opting out. Once, when I got excellent comments from reviewers, I asked the editor to let me know (after paper was accepted) who the reviewers were because I wanted to thank them. I would have liked to collaborate on something in the future with them. In some fields, the network of people who really can provide substantive comments on your work is small and it would be good to try to create community through peer review.
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