Youer question is very broad as there are many pharmaceutical dosage form and they having different mechanical characterization techniques. Some characterization techniques for particular dosage form is given below. Hope it will serve your purpose
1. Powder - i) Bulk/Tapped density, ii) Flowability index, iii) Force for facture/deformation, iii) Yield pressure for plastic deformation etc
2. Granules/Pellets - i) crushing/tensile strength, ii) force for deformation, iii) Friability
3. Coated pellets: i) crushing/tensile strength, ii) force for deformation, iii) Friability, iv) force for coat rupturations.