read my papers about simulated distillation (SIMDIS).

regards,

GB

You should start researching such basic questions by first doing a keyword search on Google (or any search engine). Many free review papers, journal articles and application notes can be found in this way. Learning how to research a question is one of the most important skills you can learn as a student. -- Many types of useful crude oil analysis methods for GC have been published starting in the 1960's by the EPA and many other groups, such as the AOCS to name a few. Improvements and variations are plentiful. Depending on the exact area of crude oil analysis or the type of comparison needed, different columns and methods are used.

Gas chromatography the mobile phase is an inert gas such as helium, argon. The mobile phase carries the sample mixture through what is referred to as a stationary phase. The stationary phase is a usually chemical that can selectively attract components in a sample mixture.

William Letter Thanks a lot for your answer, but unfortunately I totally disagree, public paper and researches are not educational, they assume only guys who know the whole story are reading and interested in their research, they don't take into account that some new researchers and students are interested and trying to understand these concepts, to understand any concept like FTIR and GC, I read a lot of papers and took some benefit, but still didn't get the whole idea, so i went to some universities and educational websites to understand exactly the concept used in those experiments.

And for your information, one of the ultimate goals of researchgate platform is to research questions and to find some answers from interested researchers in the same field by opening up a question and having a healthy discussions on the topic between interested researchers

Now the only question remaining I want to know is what is used in stationary and mobile phases for crude oil, and why paraffins are attracted to this stationary phase ? I have some answers but to have a complete good answer from a researcher with his experience, I don't force some names or answers on him, because he might have used something else for some reason.

Finally if u have some good conducted researches to read, refer it to me.

Grzegorz Boczkaj , Rabindra Kumar Padhan thanks a lot for your answers !

• "Learning how to research a question is one of the most important skills you can learn as a student." - This is the skill you still need to learn.

If you wish to learn about the concepts of separation and why a particular support and method are used to retain and resolve specific compounds, taking the time to learn these concepts is key.

Maen Al-refai wrote: "public paper and researches are not educational, they assume only guys who know the whole story are reading and interested in their research..." -

This is nonsense and does not reflect the available source material. If this is your impression, then you need to obtain additional help in learning how to source more basic level texts, papers and articles on the topic. If you are only reading very detailed, highly specific articles, not more general ones, then to save space the authors do not repeat the basic concepts that are well known to others in the field. You need to focus on more basic level papers, books and articles. One of the examples I suggested was "application notes". These are provide freely from many of the industrial manufacturers (on their websites) and often include basic level descriptions, practical notes and theory within the note. They are very useful as learning tools. Again, a keyword search should provide many free resources so please ask for help from a teacher at your school (or perhaps another school or library?).

To learn the analytical technique of GC with a basic level of proficiency requires a few years of hands-on training and an understanding of the fundamental principle used. Your questions are very basic and many of the application notes, classic texts and articles will help you to better understand the fundamental concepts (they have done so for many others). These aids are useful to new through advanced users and if you had trouble understanding them, then you still may not have found good examples to learn from or perhaps do not have the foundational coursework to do so. Additionally, if available at your school, you may benefit from an experienced, on-site mentor to help you with this project.

William Letter well I think you didn't read my reply + u have been deviated a lot from the question topic, this is not a healthy discussion anymore, I can refute your rambling answer but unfortunately I don't have time right now for that.

Once I finish my work we can continue this discussion on E-mail, since reserachgate is made for professional scientific debates not for such discussions.

thanks for your answer anyway !

You have not understood the suggestions made and again I suggest you gain experience in learning how to better research questions. Only then will you understand what has been said. Please ask your teachers for help and do not ask others to do your homework for you. *As you are a student just starting out and need to familiarize yourself with the basic concepts, I suggest you read one of the classic texts on the topic of GC. For example: "Basic Gas Chromatography", Harold M. McNair and James Miller (2008), [ISBN-13: 978-0470439548. DOI:10.1002/9780470480106] is one that we recommend to our students. Maybe your school has a copy or can order one? It will answer your questions.