Hi Narest, It's nice to meet you. I don't know what is meant here by waste in solid form. My research on solid waste resulting from the purification of silica sand, which is mixed with biochar from cow dung and used as a medium for reclamation of ex-mining land, is going very well. Microbes live and grow well, characterized by increased concentrations of soil nutrients (C, N, P, and K). Calliandra calothyrsus plants grown on this media grew better than on their original land (land without solid waste media). So the key role of microbes in waste depends on the type of waste, treatment or process, and auxiliary media used. Hope answer. Thank you

Dr Bernadetha Susianti thank you for your contribution to the discussion

Microorganisms recycle nutrients in the environment, by decomposing organic materials. Organic materials, such as animal carcasses and tree trunks, decay by the action of decomposing microbes, which are also responsible for getting rid of industrial and household waste. Through bemoaning process microorganisms are applied to recover precious minerals and metals of commercial significance from mining and industrial waste residues. This technology is also applied for environmental clean-up sites that have been contaminated with heavy metals and other emerging pollutants. Here in, microbes carry out the decomposition of organic matter by utilizing carbon and nitrogen as the energy sources along with oxygen and water, ensuring the production of water, carbon dioxide, heat, and soil-enriching compost. Microbial Wastewater Treatment focuses on the exploitation of microorganisms as decontaminating tools to treat polluted wastewater, a worldwide concern. Microorganism-based processes are seen as promising technologies to treat the ever-increasing problem of polluted wastewater. Microorganisms help return minerals and nutrients back to the environment so that the materials can then be used by other organisms. As the bacteria and fungi decompose dead matter, they also respire and so release carbon dioxide to the environment, contributing to the carbon cycle. Microbes are capable of attaching to the polymer surface and secreting extracellular enzymes that initiates the biodegradation process. The enzymes perform hydrolytic cleavage releasing CO2 and H2O, which is utilized by microbes as an energy source for reproduction and growth. Bacteria break down dead organisms, animal waste, and plant litter to obtain nutrients. But microbes don't just eat nature's waste, they recycle it. The process of decomposition releases chemicals (such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus) that can be used to build new plants and animals. The microbes that work in the recycling role use the organic carbon in the organic matter as an energy source. Recycling frees up nutrients like nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus that are important to plant health. Microbes thrive under no-till conditions and winter cover crops. Cover crops and manure can be used to feed soil microbes and recycle soil nutrients. As soil microbes decompose organic residues, they slowly release nutrients back into the soil for the winter cover crops or for the preceding crop

additional note

Microbes must be in controlled quantities and conditions, so they don't turn back to attack.

Dr Bernadetha Susianti thank you for your contribution to the discussion

Micro-organisms, earthworms and insects help break down crop residues and manures by ingesting them and mixing them with the minerals in the soil, and in the process recycling energy and plant nutrients. Sticky substances on the skin of earthworms and those produced by fungi and bacteria help bind particles together. The microbes that work in the recycling role use the organic carbon in the organic matter as an energy sourceRecycling frees up nutrients like nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus that are important to plant health. With regards to trophic levels, microorganisms are capable of being: primary producers, engaging in photosynthesis or other autotrophic processes; heterotrophic consumers that consume other microorganisms; or decomposers, breaking down dead plant and animal material to recycle their components as nutrients. Decomposing bacteria and fungi break down dead organisms. They help recycle minerals and nutrients to the environment, which can then be used by other organisms. As they decompose dead matter, the decomposers also respire and so release carbon dioxide to the environment, contributing to the carbon cycle. Microbes also play an essential role in the natural recycling of living materials. All naturally produced substances are biodegradable, that is, they can be broken down by living organisms such as bacteria or fungi. Microorganisms and fungi break down wood and return carbon to the biogeochemical cycles. If these organisms become absent, carbon would accumulate in the wood, where it could not be recycled into the environment. The fixation of nitrogen is dependent on microorganisms mostly through biological nitrogen fixation. Waste removed during the process is digested by microbes, and what remains is dried and disposed of in landfills, incinerators or applied to soil as a conditioner, depending on the source and process.