Without proper citation, anyone can face ethical challenges. In that case, what are the possible sources/areas that we don't need to cite? Few common aspects(as we know) are common knowledge, own findings or ideas, and early cited sources. Except these, are there any sources?
Sourav Mazumder I think you've covered all the possibilities in your question's subtext. One problem, however, is that "common knowledge" often isn't common enough or is contextual. One example: Nowadays in philosophy, a "category mistake" is just part of general philosophical vocabulary and there's no need to cite Gilbert Ryle as originator of the phrase when one uses it merely to label a certain kind of error. However, a former grad student of mine had been charged with plagiarism and given a failing grade on an undergraduate essay at a Middle Eastern university for doing precisely that. Apparently the professor hadn't encountered the phrase often enough to realize how commonplace and ordinary it had become in the discipline.
thank you, Prof. Karl Pfeifer, for your suggestion. Sometimes it's challenging to recognize the common knowledge.
Each educational institution has its guidelines for citations and referencing, even if common knowledge is not always well defined. When in doubt, caution in interpreting them is the safest attitude.
Following are not counted as citation in most of the journals.
(1) Technical reports published in magazines.
(2) Scientific articles appearing in daily newspapers.
(3) Presentations/lectures made in workshops, seminars and other programs.
(4) Findings and reports of Research and Development department of industries and specific research organizations (Mostly kept as secret and inaccessible).
(5) Project reports of undergraduate students.
(6) Technical notes or writings appearing in web pages.
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