First , I think we should identify the major challenges for the transformation from local to international, which include the stark differences among nations in political system, social norms, national interests, and culture and tradition. To meet these challenges, we need to develop an outdated international concepts, and building up response capabilities in developing countries .Finally, we need to underlines the importance of strengthening leadership and bridging resource shortfalls in global cooperation .

Thank you for the insights Mohammed.

Certainly those challenges should be taken into account.

What might explain the transformation of local capabilities into global capabilities? The question intrigues. Notwithstanding the proverbial chicken-and-egg situation, the more relevant—or, at least, more practicable—question could well pertain to how global organizations might continue to create and sustain their competitive advantage through acquisitions, partnerships, strategic alliances, etc. that leverage (but also renew and enhance) core capabilities at the local level. It can be a two-way street.