Hello Mohammad, for any concrete mix, first you have to test consistency (fluidity) to make sure the concrete can be built-in. On the other hand, for hardened concrete besides concrete strength, you can test permeability (water). That is a good parameter which indicates other properties (durability etc.).

Dear Mohammad Nadeem Akhtar

In terms of using concrete for designing a structure, the most important property of concrete is its compressive strength. However, other mechanical properties like tensile and flexural strength, flowability, durability, workability, penetration resistance, its creep and shrinkage behavior, and... should be taken into account. All of which depends on what your purpose is for using the concrete. You may need to know concrete thermal conductivity or..

Dear Dr. Mehran Shahpari very informative discussion thank you ....

Thank Dr. Marko Ćećez for the discussion ...........

First of all , durability and performance are very important in addition resistance against freez and taw which shows the impenetrablility of it. At last but not least , design an ultra-high-strenght concrete.

Thank you Dr. Reza Soleimani for the valuable discussion ......

Mohammad Nadeem Akhtar depends on application of concrete. For example, in my research I have developed concrete to act as grout in that case flow property, bond strength and density also matters.

There are a few properties to consider.

1. Fresh properties of concrete can determine the range of applications. For example, concrete with higher workability is needed to be pumped for high-rise concreting

2. Mechanical properties basically determine the strength of concrete. Here the primary parameters are compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength and so on.

3. Durability usually involves microstructure examination and determines the resistance of concrete to aggressive substances (acid, sulphate attack test, etc)

4. In certain cases, sound insulation, heat insulation, electric conductivity, and fire rating of concrete may be investigated

5. Fatigue and freeze-thaw resistance may also be important based on application and climate condition of the location of application.

6. For green concrete study, it would be great if the carbon footprint of the mix can be considered, but the study behind this is more complex.

Dear Dr. Beng Wei Chong thank you very much for detail discussion .....

permeability , flexural strength,

Thanks Mr. Mohamed Ali for the suggestion

Dear Dr. Beng Wei Chong could you please explain more about the carbon footprint of the mix or please share any published article related, any standard, any specified methodology.

There aren't many studies on that at the moment in my knowledge, but you can refer to these 2 papers.

https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/7/2326

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ace/2018/7949741/

Thank you Dr. Beng Wei Chong I will go through these papers .....

Thank you Jason Borejszo for this important information ....

An important feature of concrete is its durability over time, i.e. frost resistance, abrasion, tightness, fire resistance, the possibility of using waste materials, easy production technology.

Dear Dr. Waldemar Łasica thank you very much for useful duscussion

Concrete should be a durable material, resistant to fatigue, relaxation and resistant to a wide spectrum of temperature impact. Concrete should contain waste materials, i.e. polymer granules, textile waste.

Many thanks Dr. Khansa Zaidi

Hi ,

You can refer to a few of the papers where we have tried to work on the environmental impacts of different blended cement concrete systems.

Please find the link:

Article Correction to: Sustainability-based decision support framewo...

Article Influence of supplementary cementitious materials on the sus...

Article Service life and life cycle assessment of reinforced concret...

Article Sustainable materials for 3D concrete printing

Thank you Dr. Anusha S. Basavaraj for sharing the link , sure we will go through these artciles

Check https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317845715_Critical_parameters_for_the_compressive_strength_of_high-strength_concrete

Also check https://www.academia.edu/34713146/Critical_parameters_for_the_compressive_strength_of_high-strength_concrete

Consider water absorption, workability, tensile strength, bending strength among other factors like use of additives.

Hi,

I agree to the all answers given by members of RG Committee. In my opinion, for any new type of concrete proposed, mainly three aspects such as compressive strength, workability and durability are to be studied before proposing this concrete to use in construction practice. High range superplasticizers has almost nullified the workability related issues with concrete in recent times. The compressive strength of concrete is dependent on the type of mineral admixtures used in case of blended cement concretes. For example, Fly ash as a partial replacement to cement, reduces the compressive strength where as Metakaolin and Silica fume increases the rate of gain of compressive strength. At the same time, it is not necessary that all the mineral admixtures responsible for increase in strength will contribute for durability of concrete. For instance, lower replacement level of GGBS may contribute to increase in strength and also improved resistance against drying shrinkage, chloride ingress, permeability etc. However, higher volume replacement of GGBS may result in increase in depth of carbonation due to consumption of more portlandite formed during hydration. Hence, it is always better to do a parametric study by considering various factors such as maximum replacement levels of mineral admixtures in cement, influence of these replacements on workability and mechanical properties of concrete, influence of mineral admixtures on durability properties like carbonation depth, chloride ingress, permeability, pore structure, sorptivity, sulphate resistance etc. to promote the any newly developed concrete to real time construction practice.

Thank you Dr. Chandra Sekhar Karadumpa for this detail discussion

The most important mechanical property of concrete is compressive strength. But other than this, the workability, penetration test (RCPT, Water Permeability), Toughness test, Impact test are the other critical parameters which you can include in your research.

Thank you Dr. Rahul Biswas for a nice discussion

Mr. Nadeem, besides compressive strength, workability and durability parameters are important factor to develope a sustainable concrete.

For durability studies your can refer different tests like RCPT, Diffusion test, Sorptivity, water absorption, weight change, alkalinity etc.

Carbonation and Abrasion tests are also important in concrete performance studies.

At present time researchers are focusing on micro-structural studies (XRD, SEM, EDS etc.) of concrete.

Dear Dr. Deep Tripathi thank you for nice discussion

The compressive is by far the most important property of a given concrete mix. However, in order to reach a better understanding, we must explore all the other necessary factors which may directly or indirectly affect the performance - such as workability, durability, use of admixtures, microstructure, etc. Because, without these studies, we can not arrive at a true optimized concrete mix and the process is lengthy.

Regards.

Thank Dr. Jyotirmoy Mishra for discussion