Sustainable wastewater sludge treatment is best achieved by combining energy-efficient biological methods like anaerobic digestion and Anammox with eco-friendly solutions such as constructed wetlands, supported by targeted chemical treatments for enhanced pollutant removal and cost reduction.

Kashif Ullah

The most sustainable way to treat sewage/wastewater sludge is to reduce its production by the widely applied activated sludge (AS) process which removes mainly readily biodegradable and soluble organics and ammonia. as a result, most of the influent solids end up in the waste sludge. Since almost 30 years we upgrade new and existing (retrofit) AS processes as to capture, crack and biodegrade the organic and nitrogenuous solids along with other recalcitrant compounds such as synthetic dyes and medicins. In addition our AS+(tm) process removes ammonia by simultaneous 50% oxidation to nitrite NO2- for up to 100% removal to nitrogen gas N2 by anammox.

Finally we convert the remaining waste sludge at high rate and efficiency to biomethane by our AD+(tm) bioprocess technology.

Our proven bioprocess technologies are introduced at https://modelengineering.eu/circulate . More details via email.

Several factors to be reviewed. Source of sludge, location, its composition and nature, attention to its moisture content and organic content is required... Nowadays, mixing of treated sludge with cow farms' manure and some grass to produce an organic agricultural fertilizer (composting) is a sustainable solution if all locations are not far and transportation is safe. Space is available along with external weather conditions.

Adsorption & membrane separation could be innovative and benificial one.