As a doctoral student specializing in phonology, I want to know the most important and newest theories in my field, and then try to apply it on Arabic language and other languages.
Thank you to everyone who participated in answering my question.
The newest phonological theory, to the best of my knowledge, is optimality theory. There are other important theories such as: moraic theory, auto-segmental theory, and feature geometry. See the profile of Radwan Salim Mahadin , sure it will help you.
It really depends on how you define language. So, step 1: How do you see language and phonology? Well, in more traditional terms to phonology, you should study Generative Phonology, Lexical Phonology, Metrical Phonology, Prosodic Phonology, Optimality Theory. On the other hand, there are more recent perspectives on phonology - based in more dynamic paradigms - that a specialist should at least be acquainted with, such as, Usage-based phonology, Exemplar Theory, Laboratory Phonology, Articulatory phonology. If you want some readings and suggestions, just drop me aline. :)
There are many theories, but it is necessary to research what corresponds to the processed phonological data. Each theory may be better for equalizing certain phenomena, and it may not be as important for treating other phenomena. In general, we can mention the following theories:
optimality theory , feature geometry, Metrical Phonology, Prosodic Domains, Lexical Phonology, Auto-segmental theory, Syllabic theory, element theory…@Maria Meftahi
Inaddition to all the theories mentioned by Ahmed, there is yet another phonological theory that deals with the naturalness of the phonological rules that apply cross-linguistically, named the Phonological Naturalness.
Dear Maria Meftahi . See the following useful link: https://www.theedadvocate.org/edupedia/content/what-are-phonological-theories-offer-several-options-and-give-examples/#:~:text=There%20are%20some%20phonological%20theories,generative%20phonology%20and%20natural%20phonology.
Also check please the following useful link: https://www.theedadvocate.org/edupedia/content/what-are-phonological-theories-offer-several-options-and-give-examples/