Early prediction of biofouling in MBR based on quorum sensing molecules and extracellular polymeric substances.
Dear Harsad,
It depends on how biofouling is defined. Biofouling can be defined as biofilm formation causing unacceptable problems. The definition implies that the amount of biofilm should correlate with a membrane performance parameter decline for MBR systems.
Early non-destructive detection of a biofilm can be done using e.g. an optode or optical coherence tomography (OCT). Would be nice when the biofilm extracellular polymeric substances presence and amount (thickness/density) can be measured on-line (maybe with a combination of sensors).
For your information: Below are some papers addressing spiral wound reverse osmosis/nanofiltration membrane systems that may apply for MBR systems as well.
Definitions of biofilm, biofouling and membrane performance: Vrouwenvelder et al. (2008). Quantitative biofouling diagnosis in full scale nanofiltration and reverse osmosis installations. Water Research 42, (19), 4856-4868.
Early Warning: Vrouwenvelder et al. (2011). Early warning of biofouling in spiral wound nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes. Desalination 265, (1-3), 206-212. Fridjonsson et al. (2015). Early non-destructive biofouling detection in spiral wound RO membranes using a mobile Earth's field NMR. Journal of Membrane Science 489, 227-236. Farhat et al., (2015). Early non-destructive biofouling detection and spatial distribution: application of oxygen sensing optodes. Water Research 83, 10-20.
OCT: Dreszer et al. (2014). In-situ biofilm characterization in membrane systems using Optical Coherence Tomography: formation, structure, detachment and impact of flux change. Water Research 67, 243-254. Valladares Linares et al. (2015). Compaction and relaxation of biofilms. Desalination and Water Treatment. 1-13.
Success. Best regards, Hans
Dear Harshad
There is also a nice paper of Hans-Curt Flemming et al. titled ”Role and levels of real-time monitoring for successful anti-fouling strategies - An overview”. Water Science & Technology 47(5):1-8 · February 2003.
Best regards, Hans
Dear Prof. Hans,
Many thanks for detail explanation and related papers.
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