Till recent traders used carbide for ripening of fruits. Ethylene ripening is being used widely. How is the utility of ethylene ripening? Has traders and farmers migrated from "carbide powder ripening" to safe----ethylene ripening" in reality?
Low concentrations of ethylene are mostly used commercially for ripening fruits, because that is all it takes to stimulate the fruit's natural ripening response
There are different methods with different efficacies as well as permissibility to use in different Countries
You may find these 2 article useful
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0963996917307664
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23311932.2018.1477232
Ramesh Babu D It is fact that Carbide was widely used in recent past for ripening fruits in many countries by greedy businessmen. But it is now strictly prohibited and monitored in our country (Bangladesh) by the law enforcing authority. So, today major portion of our mangoes and bananas are almost "Carbide" free. However, low dose of ethylene is being used to some extent on commercial basis for ripening of fruits.