The necessary compromise between bandpass, gain and compactness in multiband or beamforming antenna design invites the designers to find and explore new techniques to minimize SLL while maintaining a good level of gain, efficiency and compactness.
What are the main and efficient techniques used in this context ?
1. amplitude tapering of the excitation signal.
2. non-uniform arrays
Techniques for Multiband Antennas:
1. Optimized Antenna Geometry: Careful design of the antenna's physical structure can help reduce side lobes.
2. Frequency-Selective Surfaces (FSS): FSS can be used to suppress side lobes in specific frequency bands.
3. Defected Ground Structures (DGS): DGS can help reduce side lobes by creating a band-stop filter effect.
4. Shorting Pins or Vias: Strategically placed shorting pins or vias can help suppress side lobes.
5. Bandwidth-Enhanced Techniques: Techniques like impedance matching, capacitive coupling, or inductive coupling can help broaden the antenna's bandwidth while minimizing side lobes.
Metamaterials can enhance bandwidth and gain while reducing antenna size. Fractal geometries enable multi-band operation and compactness. Active antenna systems offer the ability for dynamic beam steering and reduced side lobes. Dielectric resonator antennas, on the other hand, are used to achieve high efficiency, wide bandwidth, and low side lobe levels.
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