Le passage de la maison monorésidentielle à la maison multirésidentielle est un objet d'étude essentiel pour l'histoire urbaine moderne, mais aussi pour l'étude des sociabilités de voisinage. Pour l'époque moderne, il est possible d'utiliser trois types de sources : le dépouillement sériel des actes notariés, celui des registres des contrôles des actes pour le XVIIIe siècle et la formation d'une banque de données compilant des actes d'alignement qui sont les ancêtres des permis de construire. Mais il existe l'équivalent, généralement plus riche d'informations, pour les périodes suivantes, notamment les recensements de population. Ces données peuvent ensuite être cartographiées grâce à un système d'information géographique tel que Arcview. Il est ensuIte possible de produire autant de cartes que voulu croisant les différents paramètres selon les valeurs foncières, les valeurs locatives, les nombres de ménages coprésidents connus grâce aux recensements, des tranches chronologiques, des zonings présumés pertinents etc etc… Donc de constituer des hypothèses à partir des corrélations repérées géographiquement. En contrepoint peuvent être utilisées des études de cas telles que le permettent des dossiers de gestion d'immeuble ou des rapports d'expert. Vous pourrez trouver des exemples dans les publications que Bernard GAUTHIEZ et moi-même avons données.

Sur la gentryfication, voyez plutôt les travaux des sociologues, par exemple ceux de Jean-Yves AUTHIER sur Lyon.

Bien à vous

Olivier Zeller

C'est avec beaucoup d'intérêt que je lis votre réponse cher professeur, il se trouve que dans mon cas d'étude précisément, le dernier RGPH en date remonte déjà à dix ans (recensement général de la population et de l'habitat) ce qui rend la tâche plus ou moins compliquée si on souhaite cartographier avec Arcview ou autres, d'autant plus que les valeurs foncières sont indéniablement en ébullition suite à la spéculation sur le foncier recyclé et les restrictions relatives au foncier urbain et l'épuisement des friches et des poches urbaines. Les déclarants plus soucieux du redressement fiscal que de l'adéquation des transformations avec l'infrastructure sociale pour garder la cohésion régnante et la cohérence morphologique et typologique nous faussent la lecture de la valeur foncière, de la densité de population et de la densité bâtie.

Le contexte pericentral fait de ce quartier un objet de toutes les convoitises d'un processus plus que lucratif, par des promoteurs immobiliers profitant d'un vide juridique voire d'une complaisance administrative.

Je tâcherai de consulter les exemples cités, et je me redirigerai vers vous pour de plus amples informations si vous ne voyez pas d'inconvénients monsieur le professeur.

Cordialement

Zakaria Lacheheb

Federico Zanfi (Politechnico die Milano) presented Italian traditions in single-family housing and an analysis of three case studies. The presentation was prepared in cooperation with Chiara Merlini. In Italy, freestanding small houses are not necessarily inhabited by a single core family, but by an extended, multigenerational family with different household structures. Therefore, the number of two-family houses is high compared to other countries. Zanfi referred to three case studies from different Italian regions (Lombardy, Marche and Puglia) to illustrate the phenomenon of “diffuse urbanisation” and arising challenges: SFH in industrial zones, SFH in tourist area and self-built low-cost houses in areas of endogenous growth in small suburban centres. In Japan after 30 years the value of a house deceases towards zero (from point of finance), while the lot retains its value. Murayama described urban shrinkage as a complex process of transformation. As a provisional conclusion, we emphasize the need – at least in a country like Italy, which includes extremely different territorial frameworks – to study family-houses framing them into specific dynamics of social and economic transformation. We proposed to look at this building type at least through three of its main inflections: First, the family-house that embodies the endogenous growth of small centres, and the simultaneous escape from the main metropolitan areas in the richest (and more congested) region of the country; Second, the family-house nested in “peripheral” industrial district economies, which are now experiencing profound reorganization; Finally, the family-house that is the outcome of a self-organized tourist sector now suffering from competition with other Mediterranean countries. In perspective, it would be interesting – within the transformation parables that we have briefly sketched – to investigate family-house considering it not only as a burden that is not easy to manage, or else a source of conflict between generations. A pragmatic reflection in a moment of crisis and insecurity on future welfare provisions may suggest to look at these houses as potential resources – often the only resource available – and therefore it would be urgent to understand at which conditions – which tenure innovations, which performance improvements, which typological adjustments – we can assume to go on using them.

Dear Professor Usama Badawy

I apologize for the late response about your last valuable answer, eventhough I read with the great interest and respect your relevant answer to my question, I have consulted the works cited above, and found it very productive and fruitful, especially the cases of Italy and the concept of diffuse urbanization that we can assimilate to our proper context with its specific traditions in housing, family organization, and self-built low-cost houses in areas of endogenous growth in small suburban centres, just as urban shrinkage is striking again because of land and housing shortage, affordability matter, and gentrification's growth along with speculation.

I myself try to study SFH transformed and shaped like MFH through main inflections, social and economic dynamics understanding. Although, I admit having treated that first with a " postulat" as it was a burden as you mentioned before i realize that it could be considered as an emerging phenomenon to be regulated with morphological and typological adjustments instead. I definitely agree with you "A pragmatic reflection in a moment of crisis and insecurity on future welfare provisions may suggest to look at these houses as potential resources " this cited comment of yours have demonstrated your profound knowledge of our context and issues.

I would be pleased to discuss with you further details about my ongoing research, we can exchange ideas so that I can be illuminated by your expert advice, directives and interpretations.