The above question inspired me to the following considerations:

Should the development of motoring in the 21st century be based on electromobility or on hydrogen-oxygen engines or other clean power technology?

In a few decades years, strategic classic energy raw materials, ie minerals contained in the Earth's crust, will be exhausted.

Extracting these minerals from deeper layers of the earth's crust may be unprofitable.

In addition, it may be unnecessary in a situation of global warming and the development of renewable, ecologically clean sources of energy.

However, which type of power supply for motor vehicles should be developed so that the economic, social and ecological effects are the most in line with the strategic goals of the balanced economic development of the world?

If it is electromobility it will be necessary to significantly increase the production of electricity.

In connection with the above, I am asking you the following questions:

What kind of future power plants should be created in the future in order to reconcile economic efficiency with environmental protection the most?

What types of renewable electricity should be developed in the future?

Should the development of motoring in the 21st century be based on electromobility or on hydrogen-oxygen engines or other clean power technology?

Please, answer, comments. I invite you to the discussion.

In addition, I note the interesting discussion inspired me to the following considerations:

The question of lobbying the oil industry for national governments to slow down reforms in the energy sector?

The analysis of differences in the scope of Renewable Energy Policy in individual countries should take into account the scale of the share of the oil refining and refining industry in the entire national economy. The large share of the oil industry in the domestic economy may generate analogous large-scale lobbying of the industry on the government, on policies on shaping a specific direction of development of this sector in a given country. This lobbying may concern, for example, the deliberate slowing of energy sector reforms in the scope of pro-ecological needs. This type of conservative policy may not take into account the needs of reforming the energy sector, including the development of renewable energy sources, ecological innovations in renewable energy technologies, ecological material innovations, etc. The development of electromobility or the development of power supply technologies based on hydrogen engines should also be added to this issue. oxygen or other environmentally neutral technologies. Such reforms are necessary in the 21st century in connection with the need to reduce greenhouse gases in order to slow down the progressing global warming process, ie the increase of the average annual temperature on Earth. In the 21st century, it is necessary to develop a new green economy in the context of the forthcoming fourth technological revolution, known as Industry 4.0.

The issues of lobbying the oil industry to slow down energy sector reforms is one of the major problems of modern economics, specifically the issues of sustainable development with the emphasis on ecology, the impact of industry and classic energy sources on the natural environment. This issue is particularly important in the context of climate change, global warming, rising average temperature on the Earth, the progressing greenhouse effect of the Earth and the related new climate disasters is probably the most important topic for discussion, research and human action in the 21st century.

The topics related to the greenhouse effect on Earth, which are the subject of discussion, are particularly important and scientifically important and in the context of human life.

In the context of this issue of lobbying of the oil industry affecting the governments of countries, there is an important issue for discussion in the field of economic development of the world in the 21st century.

Therefore, I am asking you with an important question: Does the issue of oil industry lobbying affecting national governments in order to slow down energy sector reforms be a serious problem and a brake on pro-ecological reforms in the energy sector and the development of, for example, electromobility?

Please reply. I invite you to the discussion

These technologies are developing faster than we can imagine. And the thrill is that the time between developing the technology and bringing it to the market is getting shorter and almost real time!

In the context of the above considerations, the following question is also current:

Will the development of autonomous cars be correlated with the development of electric cars?

Will these technologies be developed in parallel?

In the future, will a significant part of autonomous cars also be electric cars?

Please reply

I invite you to the discussion

Thank you very much

Best wishes

Dear Colleagues and Friends from RG,

I suggest continuing the discussion on the following topic:

Prospects for the development of electromobility, including the production of electric cars.

The above discussion inspired me to formulate the following question:

What are the prospects for the development of electromobility, including the production of electric cars?

On the basis of the above considerations and conclusions from the discussion on interesting issues discussed, I formulated the following thesis that in connection with the growing greenhouse gas emissions and environmental pollution, including air, in connection with the faster and faster global warming process, in connection with the urgent need to implement sustainable principles pro-ecological development carried out according to the concept of green economy, it is necessary to quickly reform the car production sector in such a way that in a few years at the latest most of the cars traveling on the roads of the whole world are electric vehicles.

Below I have described the key determinants confirming the formulated research thesis. To the above discussion I would like to add the following conclusion formulated as a summary of my earlier considerations on this topic: The main determinants of the development of electromobility, including the production of electric cars.

Recently, the value of some companies investing in research and development of electromobility technologies has increased rapidly. For example, Tesla shares have recently risen by several hundred percent. while there are still few commercially produced and sold electric cars. On a global scale, very few electric vehicles are currently on the road. Is this sector already overinvested in capital markets or is electromobility ahead of it and investors in capital markets have noticed this?

In my opinion, technologies should be developed, both pro-ecological technologies for propulsion of motor vehicles in a fully electric and hybrid formula. For passenger cars that do not require high power engines, fully electric motors should be the more appropriate solution. On the other hand, for vehicles equipped with high-power engines, i.e. large trucks, construction machinery, high-power tractors, i.e. in a situation where purely electric drive may be too weak.

Thanks to ecological innovations, the scope and possibilities of implementing sustainable proecological economic development are increasing. In connection with the ongoing process of global warming, it is necessary to develop ecological innovations in the field of renewable energy sources development, improvement of waste sorting techniques, development of recycling, electromobility, ecological agriculture, reduction of plastic from packaging and replacement of plastic with biodegradable materials, etc.

In my opinion, the key to the development of autonomous car technologies is the issue of developing the necessary infrastructure and security services so that the development of autonomous car technologies and the increase in the number of autonomous cars do not increase the statistics on the number of road accidents.

In addition, the development of autonomous car technologies can be parallel to the development of electromobility. For the development of electromobility and the number of electric cars in use, it is also necessary to build the necessary infrastructure installed along roads, urban streets and inter-city communication arteries of charging points for batteries with electricity.

In some countries, active electromobility development policies are implemented, under which the state subsidizes the purchase of an electric car from public finance funds and invests in projects to develop the necessary infrastructure for charging points for electricity. Further power plants for the production of electricity under the development of renewable energy sources are also being built, because the development of electromobility causes a significant increase in demand for electricity. Unfortunately, this type of pro-ecological, active policy of electromobility development is carried out only in some countries.

In relation to the above, can the future development of pro-ecological motorization in connection with modern information technologies be presented according to the following formula:

Electromobility + Autonomous cars + Smart city + Robotics Technologies Industry 4.0 = Automated autonomous ecological cars.

In connection with the above, the key question is: Will the combination of currently developed Industry 4.0 technologies, i.e. primarily advanced information technologies and technologies in the field of: Electromobility + Autonomous cars + Smart city + Robotics in the perspective of the next years to create automated autonomous ecological cars?

However, the development of electromobility is not fast. Why is this happening?

In accordance with the above, in my opinion, due to the growing greenhouse gas emissions and environmental pollution, including air, in connection with the global warming process, which is progressing faster and faster, in connection with the urgent need to implement the principles of sustainable pro-ecological development carried out in accordance with the concept of green economy, it is necessary to reform the production sector quickly cars in such a way that in a few years at the latest most of the cars traveling on the roads around the world would be electric vehicles.

Do you agree with me on the above matter?

- What is the reason for the slow development of electromobility technology?

- Are current battery technologies insufficient? Do current batteries charge too slowly and store electricity for a limited, short life of the car after charging the batteries?

- Is too much energy consumed during battery production? Is neutralization of acids during the disposal of used batteries associated with serious problems and a threat to the natural environment?

- Is there still no developed infrastructure for charging points for batteries in electric cars? Should the necessary innovative solutions be developed, such as the new generation roadway recently created in Scandinavia, on which the electric cars that charge the batteries themselves?

- Are lobbying companies from the energy sector of fossil combustion and automotive companies as well as the pricing policy of energy raw materials the main barriers to ecological reforms and the development of electromobility?

- Are lobbying companies from the mining sector and the energy sector based on the burning of minerals and automotive companies as well as the pricing policy of energy raw materials the main determinants slowing down the implementation of necessary ecological reforms and the development of electromobility in the automotive field?

Lobbying of companies in the mining sector, the energy sector based on the burning of minerals and car concerns as well as the pricing policy of energy raw materials are the main factors slowing down the implementation of necessary pro-ecological reforms, including, among others, the implementation of ecological innovations in the field of developing energy based on renewable energy sources and the development of electromobility in automotive field.

It is therefore necessary to change the development policy of the energy sector and in shaping the development of the automotive industry taking into account the key aspects of ecology. The state should co-finance the construction of power plants producing electricity and heat on the basis of renewable energy sources. In this way, it will be possible to implement realistically sustainable sustainable economic development carried out according to the green economy concept.

Therefore, the following questions also arise:

- Which types of electromobility or alternative solutions for the pro-ecological powering of motor vehicles are being developed in your countries?

- Is it based mainly on purely electric or hybrid engines combining electric and combustion or other power supply or power supply based on hydrogen and oxygen combustion or biogas combustion?

- In connection with the need to accelerate the implementation processes of sustainable pro-ecological economic development, should governments be activating and co-financing pro-ecological electromobility development programs?

- Is the electromobility sector overinvested on capital markets or does electromobility have a great future ahead and investors operating on capital markets have noticed this?

- What are the prospects for the development of electromobility, including the production of electric cars?

- What are the main technological, economic and other problems associated with mass production of electric cars?

- What do you think are the main conditions for the production and dissemination of electric motor vehicles?

- In a few years, will most of the cars traveling on the roads around the world be electric vehicles?

- What do you think about this topic?

- What is your opinion on this topic?

Please reply.

I invite you to discussion and scientific cooperation.

Thank you very much.

Best wishes.

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Dear Dariusz Prokopowicz,

The mobility of the future will be much easier, more flexible and more individual for users. Electromobility has many drives such as Hybrid (HEV), Mild Hybrid, Plug-in Hybrid (PHEV), Electric car with Range Extender (REX), Battery (BEV) and Fuel cell electric vehicles with fuel cell. By using electrolysis of hydrogen and oxygen, this technology provides electrical energy for the drive and the battery. One of the advantages is locally emission-free driving, although this fact already implies a many disadvantage. The extent to which emissions are actually reduced in the overall balance depends on the energy mix.

Challenges and Direction

Climate is biggest challenge for electromobility of automatic vehicles.

The fundamental challenge of a massive deployment of electromobility is the reduction of transportation’s impact on climate. At the global level, significant expansion would require corresponding expansion in the production of low carbon electricity, generating a domino effect for other electricity requirements. A large stock of batteries will form a distributed, but globally huge, energy storage resource: they offer potentially significant synergies with energy production from green but inconsistent sources such as solar and wind power. The vehicles can be charged using any ordinary electricity plug. The regional electricity supplier offers reduced tariffs at night. Charging takes on average 7–8 h, which is drastically reduced if 3 phase-current is available.

Ashish

Many years ago, Nikola Tesla said: "Electricity is ubiquitous in unlimited amounts and can power the world's machinery without the need for coal, gas or other fuels. Quite a mysterious statement giving rise to a lot of speculation and conspiracy theories."

An interesting point is that words spoken a century ago in the context of the increasingly rapid global warming process are gaining new, visionary meaning. The above quote confirms the thesis that Nikola Tesla was not only a great inventor but also a visionary. Unfortunately, the 3rd technological revolution based on electricity already at the end of the 19th century began to be overtaken by the industrial revolution based on combustion energy. Then, in industry and transport, the main source of energy was the burning of minerals. Despite the fact that at the end of the nineteenth century, electricity inventions enabled the development of applications of electromagnetic technology in various industrial, energy, etc. applications. Precursive solutions also appeared in transport, which later were not developed on a larger scale. For example, initially, Henry Ford's motor vehicle manufacturing company began to produce electric cars. However, due to the lack of developed, necessary infrastructure, e.g. devices for charging batteries, the development of these technologies was suspended and this business concept was replaced with the production of cars with an internal combustion engine. Only about 100 years later, due to the detection and scientific confirmation of the increase in greenhouse gas emissions, the global warming process, which is progressing faster and faster, the negative effects of climate change (semi-arid drought, forest fires, etc.), increasingly severe for humans and the natural environment, appeared stronger pressure to develop energy based on renewable energy sources and electromobility. At present, however, the key issue is to determine the determinants enabling the development of electromobility in such a way that electric vehicles become affordable also for citizens achieving an average level of income and that it is a type of business characterized by high profitability for the automotive industry and cooperating enterprises while fully complying with sustainable principles , pro-ecological development of production processes carried out during the manufacture of electric vehicles and specific components, spare parts and their subsequent disposal after the period of use (e.g. batteries).

What is your opinion on this topic?

I am asking for an answer and invite you to a discussion,

Thank you very much and best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz