The stability is the major challenge for preparing hybrid nanofluids as it is a combination of different shapes and different sizes.
You can find better answers by reading some review papers.
Good luck
The major difficulty is the choice of models for dynamic viscosity, density, thermal conductivity, and others. These thermo-physical properties change with volume fraction, temperature, nanoparticles radius and others for a simple nanofluid and significantly when the nanoparticles are of two kinds.
Another important topic is the choice of either type I model or type II model of hybrid nanofluids. However, there is an insight in the report below:
Significance of
suction and dual stretching on the dynamics of various hybrid nanofluids: Comparative analysis between type I and type II models. Physica Scripta 95(9), 095205.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/aba8c6
Every aspects are Nicely explained by Issac Lare Animasaun. Completely agreed.
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