A number of imaging techniques, including plain abdominal radiography, i.e., X-Rays, ultrasonography, Intravenous Pyelography (IVP), helical Computed Tomography (CT) scanning and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) can be used to detect kidney stone.
Also Urinalysis (Urine Tests) helps to detect presence of Kidney Stone.
Depends on what your the goals of your clinical trial are! It is completely different if you are doing an epidemiological study, which in fact does not qualify for "clinical trial" or if you are conducting an interventional with treatment study! please specify your goals so as to help you best!
The causes of renal stones are calcium containing stones , uric acid stones , struvite - carbonate stones , cystine stones & drug related stones . Calcium stones ( calcium oxalate & calcium phosphate ) can be due hypercalciuria , hypocitraturia , hyperuricosuria & hyperoxaluria .
The investigations would depend on the type of stones , you would like to evaluate .
1) Blood investigations : serum calcium , uric acid & PTH .
2) Urine examination : 24- hour urine collection for evaluation of calcium stones . The following should be measured - calcium , uric acid , citrate & oxalate . Measure urine volume , pH & Cultures .
3) Abdominal USG .
These investigations would help to evaluate & classify the type of renal stones .
The laboratory investigations to conduct a clinical trial depend of the aim of your study:
1 - What's the type of stone you are going to study? The metabolic workout may be different.
2 - Do you want to study recurrence of stones or do you want to modify the urinary risk factors for a particular type of stone?
3 - Do you need to study systemic factors?
In addition to previous recommendations (see Shing, above) ,don't forget that hypomagnesiuria is also a risk factor for kidney stone disease.
Sometimes one evaluation is insufficient to identify urinary risk factors. Most authors recommend that metabolic evaluations should be repeated 2 or 3 times time increase accuracy.
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