1). Data Security Concerns: This increased data flow raises concerns about data security, including cyber threats, hacking, and data breaches, which could compromise sensitive information within the circular supply chain.

2). Supply Chain Disruptions: Relying heavily on interconnected technology could lead to increased vulnerability to disruptions. A technological failure within the circular supply chain might halt operations and affect the entire production process.

3). Transition Period Challenges: Transitioning from traditional supply chain practices to an integrated Industry 4.0 and circular model involves a significant learning curve. Resistance to change, employee training, and the cultural shift within the organization might impede the smooth adoption of these advanced technologies.

Mr. Bora

Thank you for your feedback. I could get security as a risk so far in some papers.

Point 3 above is a challenge or barrier.

My other question is whether barriers can be taken as risk! I got feedback that barriers are challenges and not risk.

How to Proceed:

The intersection of Industry 4.0 and the Circular Supply Chain is rich with potential for academic inquiry. Your endeavor can make a valuable contribution to understanding the challenges and risks in this integrated domain.

@Subharun Pal. The problem is magnified for two counts. Industry 4.0 implementation is a developing economy is rare. Similarly circular model adoption is also rare. In such a situation, neither primary research nor interdisciplinary research is feasible. Moreover, publications of Industry 4.0 Risks in academic databases also are rare which is making literature review difficult.