Issues:

1. Sensor (node) to sensor (node) communication

2. Battery life time

3. Message forwarding (because sensors are in moving)

4. Very low speed communication in water

Kindly work in the above issues

Thanks R.Suresh Babu.

The UWSNs face specific challenges in terms of mainly the underwater environment and the acoustic communication channel. The issues are listed in the following:

Underwater Environment

• Sensor Node deployment in 3D space
• Passive Node Mobility
• Time synchronization
• Signal reflection, multipath & fading
• Failure Prone Environment

Underwater Acoustic Channel

• Variable sound speed
• Low bandwidth & bit rate
• Variable propagation delay
• High error probability
• Asymmetric power consumption

Due to these challenges, the protocols for WSN will fail to work, and each layer of the protocol stack needs revision with specific schemes to counter these issues.

Several works are done in the last few years [2005 -- till date]. Major research domains for UWSNs:

The following survey papers will certainly help you initiate.

Thank you so much Tamoghna Ojha