There are hundreds of research articles published on the green synthesis of nanoparticles of various metals and metal oxides nanoparticles using plant extract (where mostly the extract of leaves are used) and they reported that plant extract is in rich of phytochemicals which act as reducing, stabilizing/capping agent for the synthesis of Nanoparticles but still its not cleared that exactly which phytochemical or which class of phytochemicals is responsible for reducing and which for stabilizing/capping? And also if they are used separately after isolated would they gave the same result or each class depend on one another??
Most often the phytochemicals are - gallic acid, tannic acid, epigallocatechin gallate etc. As these are polyphenols - they are antioxidants (so they can reduce metal ions). From my experience - after isolation from plant extract polyphenols also can reduce ions to nanoparticles. I suppose that morphology of them (size, shape) may be different, because the other compounds in extract can act e.g. as stabilizers. Also - in natural plant extract the exact amount of reduction agents is not known, unless extract is standarized, what can also affect the resulting material.
Phytochemicals extract also depends on the solvent used for extraction.
Some articles also claim that citric acids are responsible for nanoparticle stabilization while the reduction is carried out mostly by phenolic compounds. I would really like to also know what all these compounds have in common
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Plant extracts containing oxygen containing compds. like flavones, coumarins, anthocyanins which act as reducing and stabilizing agents in the green synthesis of Nanoparticles .
In continuation with Anna Jakimińska, There are many phytochemicals present in the plant extract, and which one is exactly responsible for reduction cannot be analyzed easily. However, a class of phytochemicals which act as stabilizing agent can be determined using FTIR analysis of nanoparticles as well as plant extract.
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