The use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) is increasing rapidly as they can be used to partially or totally replace OPC in concrete.
The most common types of SCMs are fly ash, slag, metakaolin and silica fume. However, the supply of some of these SCMs will be limited in coming years.
What are the other types of emerging SCMs that can be used in concrete?
Some of the replacements that can be used are: Rice Husk Ash (RHA), Perlite, Sugar cane, Agriculture residue ash replacements and other replacements.
Kaolin clay or rather metakaolin when modified can also be used as a replacement
fly ash or bottom ash up to some limits may also used as a replacement of cement
most of them are agricultural waste since it have silica content which can act as pozzolanic properties. using rice husk as as replacement material at rate 20% give the highest compressive strength so far based on my literature research.
correct me if im wrong.
Marble powder can also be added as a partial replacement of cement
Waste mine tailings as per the recent research (reports) from the Technical University of Denmark (E. Jensen) and other research groups. Copper tailings and others have been investigated as both cement replacement and as filler (sand replacement) in concrete materials.
Article Reusing copper tailings in concrete: Corrosion performance a...
as one example
The below mentioned researcher has many articles on silica from different biomass sources. Happy new year.
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yehia_Fahmy
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