what is the importance of coefficients in the filter design, How to obtain the same and what are the various methods to do so. Is there any impact on the implementation of filter due to coefficients generated. (Considering FIR filter design).
Coefficients of the filter decide the poles (peaks, high magnitude) and zeros (low magnitude) of the impulse response of the filter. Since the output of the filter is the convolution of the impulse response of the filter and the input, the poles and zeros determine how different input frequencies are affected by filtering. The following textbook might be helpful:
A.V. Oppenheim and Schafer, Discrete Time Signal Processing
The Park-McClellan Method is a method to find optimum coefficients for a Chebyshev Filter. For other methods, see the link.
There is a program foating on the internet, called "remez" that implements this. The original of this is Fortran, nowadays there are versions in C and in Matlab.
Try to find a version you can run on a search engine.
It implements Park-McClellan, and allows you to specify a number of bands for a filter, each with a certain response (usually 0 or 1), and a certain weight, and you also have to specify the length of the filter. The program then calculates the best fit.
Abhay Mohan, Chaouki Hannachi and Henri Cloetens have shared good information regarding finding the FIR filter coefficients by different methods. The effects of increasing the Order of filter (i.e. increasing the Poles & Zeros) on Frequency Response and the change in response depending on location of poles and zeros are also nicely explained in the link below.