I think it depends on the polymer -filler pair your are using. If you are using crystalline polymers then addition of fillers make them more brittle. But it depends on the loading of fillers. If you are using elastomeric polymers then they will be quite tough. also addition of filler might increase thickness of the composite. It will affect the mechanical properties. thermal properties.
as far as the hardness (resistance to indentation or penetration) is concerned I would suggest to concentrate on the interface polymer-filler particle; as it is the determining factor. Good interface adhesion promotes this property and vice-versa. Also the nature of the filler (organic; inorganic;....) plays a role. Regards
Sir, I have used the cement and Egg shell powder as filler in glass fiber reinforced polyester resin composites. But addition of Cement gives improved hardness value compared to unfilled composites. where as Egg shell powder filled composites give decreased hardness value compared to unfilled composites. So What might be the reason for the above,,
you didn't specified the type of the polyester resin used (saturated or unsaturated): I suppose you are dealing with the unsaturated polyester resin. Here; besides my previous answer one should take into consideration the effect of the filler type on the degree of curing or crosslinking. It may be the reason if the other factors such as good interface are insured. Regards