Environment pollution is the introduction of pollutants into the natural environment, and causes adverse effects. Climate change refers to a change in average weather conditions, or in the time variation of weather in the context of longer-term average conditions. Evaporation takes freshwater from the ocean into the atmosphere and increases the ocean salinity; precipitation puts freshwater into the ocean and reduces its salinity. Consequently, salinity changes integrate effects over broad areas and provide an excellent indicator for water cycle change. Decreasing ocean salinity has the opposite effect, decreasing surface temperature on global average and increasing the extent of sea ice. Climate change is making heavy intense downpours, droughts and rising water temperatures more common. This can alter the quality of our drinking and recreational water. Bacteria and viruses thrive in these new conditions and when they come into contact with humans, can cause numerous illnesses. Climate change and rising temperatures may increase evapotranspiration, including the evaporation of water from soils. As a result, water evaporates and the salt remains in the soil, increasing the soil salinity.

Changes to Earth's climate driven by increased human emissions of heat-trapping greenhouse gases are already having widespread effects on the environment: glaciers and ice sheets are shrinking, river and lake ice is breaking up earlier, plant and animal geographic ranges are shifting, and plants and trees are blooming. Climate change is already affecting water access for people around the world, causing more severe droughts and floods. Increasing global temperatures are one of the main contributors to this problem. Climate change impacts the water cycle by influencing when, where, and how much precipitation falls. Evaporation of ocean water and formation of sea ice both increase the salinity of the ocean. However these "salinity raising" factors are continually counterbalanced by processes that decrease salinity such as the continuous input of fresh water from rivers, precipitation of rain and snow, and melting of ice. Air pollution can directly contaminate the surface of bodies of water and soil. This can kill crops or reduce their yield. It can kill young trees and other plants. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide particles in the air can create acid rain when they mix with water and oxygen in the atmosphere.

Climate change mitigation means avoiding and reducing emissions of heat-trapping greenhouse gases into the atmosphere to prevent the planet from warming to more extreme temperatures. Using more groundwater in recharge areas by pumping water from bores and redirecting it to other storages and installing bores and interceptor drains in discharge areas water of suitable quality can be used to irrigate adjacent areas and installing sub-surface drainage. Mitigation measures include policies concerning energy, transportation, food and agriculture, and land use that will reduce GHG emissions. They include: Energy policies that can promote development and use of renewable energy, decrease production and use of fossil fuels, and reduce overall energy demand. Specific means of pollution control might include refuse disposal systems such as sanitary landfills, emission control systems for automobiles, sedimentation tanks in sewerage systems, the electrostatic precipitation of impurities from industrial gas, or the practice of recycling.

Climate change and rising temperatures may increase evapotranspiration, including the evaporation of water from soils. As a result, water evaporates and the salt remains in the soil, increasing the soil salinity. Managing salinity involves striking a balance between the volume of water entering and leaving the groundwater system. The water table can be lowered by: planting, regenerating and maintaining native vegetation and good ground cover in recharge, transmission and discharge zones, where possible. High levels of salinity in water and soil may cause: corrosion of machinery and infrastructure such as fences, roads and bridges and poor health or death of native vegetation, leading to a decline in biodiversity through dominance of salt resistant species, potentially altering ecosystem structures. Natural climate solutions are conservation, restoration and improved land management actions that increase carbon storage or avoid greenhouse gas emissions in landscapes and wetlands across the globe. By trapping the earth's heat in the atmosphere, greenhouse gases lead to warmer temperatures, which in turn lead to the hallmarks of climate change: rising sea levels, more extreme weather, heat-related deaths, and the increased transmission of infectious diseases. The most basic solution for air pollution is to move away from fossil fuels, replacing them with alternative energies like solar, wind and geothermal. Producing clean energy is crucial. But equally important is to reduce our consumption of energy by adopting responsible habits and using more efficient devices. Core to all climate change solutions is reducing greenhouse gas emissions, which must get to zero as soon as possible. Because both forests and oceans play vitally important roles in regulating our climate, increasing the natural ability of forests and oceans to absorb carbon dioxide can also help stop global warming.