Many scientific researchers have confirmed that high temperature and humidity has a major role in the efficiency of PV system, which the ideal humidity value should range from 30% to 50%, where high humidity (above 50%) or low (less than 30%) causes many problems:
Problems associated with high humidity in the desert area, dust abounds in the desert, as well as high humidity (water vapor in the air) dust particles stick to the water vapor which makes a mud layer in front of PV panels. Over time, this layer forms on the surface of the solar panels as well as on the wind generator. This layer prevents sunlight from reaching the cell in the solar panels that reduce wind generator movement also.
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Figure1 is an illustration of a natural phenomenon because of dust particles gathering with high humidity and depositing them on the surface of solar cells in the desert. This phenomenon increases with the increase of dust, especially in the seasons of changing seasons of the year (hot summer) and high humidity, as this phenomenon works to form a layer that prevents sunlight from entering the photovoltaic cells, so their efficiency decreases over time. Therefore, the solution to this problem is the continuous cleaning of these cells with a manual or automatic system, both systems work to remove the stuck layer in the surface of the cells, but the automated system is less expensive, more effective, and safer. (Tariq et al., 2018)
PV modules degrade and lose their performance due to several factors the most common are temperature humidity and dust
the degraded state of the photovoltaic module can be problematic when the degradation exceeds a critical threshold.
I suggest reading the paper titled "Effect of high-velocity sand and dust on the performance of crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules."
Sulaiman Al-Hashmi Excessive humidity and dust can have a number of detrimental consequences on the surface of PV panels in the field, including the following:
1. Excessive humidity can cause a thin layer of water to build on the surface of the PV panel, reducing the quantity of sunlight reaching the solar cells. As a result, the efficiency of the PV system may suffer. The presence of dust can lower efficiency even further by preventing sunlight from reaching the solar cells.
2. Corrosion: Excessive humidity can also cause corrosion of the PV system's metal components, such as the frames, junction boxes, and wiring. Corrosion can cause electrical failures and shorten the life of a PV system.
3. Soiling: The accumulation of dirt and other particles on the surface of PV panels can produce soiling, which is the collection of dirt and other particles on the surface of the panel. Soiling can restrict the quantity of sunlight reaching the solar cells, lowering the effectiveness of the PV system even further.
4. Maintenance Issues: Excessive humidity and dust might increase the PV system's maintenance requirements. Cleaning and maintenance may be necessary on a regular basis to maintain the panels clean and clear of dust and other particles.
Regular cleaning and maintenance should be undertaken to prevent the harmful effects of excessive humidity and dust on the surface of PV panels in the field. Furthermore, the PV system should be built to survive the environment in which it is installed.
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