Dear Dr. Sarkar:

Both types of bedding are indicative of near-shore marine depositional environments. Hummocky cross stratification abbreviated to HCS is typical of shoreface deposits and resultant of stroms.  They are common to the seaward part of the shoreface and come into being below everyday or fair-weather wave base. Similar to HCS bedding type are swaley cross bedsets.

Heringbone cross bedding resulted from tidal currents. The back- and from of ebb and flood tidal currents is mirrored by these bedding types.

Carbonate facies sedimentary rocks respond in the same way to the afore-mentioned coastal marine processes as siliciclastic rocks do.

Best regards

H.G.Dill

Dear Dr. Sarkar:

Both types of bedding are indicative of near-shore marine depositional environments. Hummocky cross stratification abbreviated to HCS is typical of shoreface deposits and resultant of stroms.  They are common to the seaward part of the shoreface and come into being below everyday or fair-weather wave base. Similar to HCS bedding type are swaley cross bedsets.

Heringbone cross bedding resulted from tidal currents. The back- and from of ebb and flood tidal currents is mirrored by these bedding types.

Carbonate facies sedimentary rocks respond in the same way to the afore-mentioned coastal marine processes as siliciclastic rocks do.

Best regards

H.G.Dill

Dear Kenneth,

I integrated in the course of environment analysis of siliciclastic and calcareous sedimentary rocks of Neogene age also the bedding types. The latter calcareous rocks should be more precisely denominated as calci-clastic rocks or calcareous sandstones. According to my field experience the hydrodynamic regimes and depositional environments of clastic sediments with prevailing quartz particles on one side and with prevailing carbonate particles on the other can successfully be compared with each other. The clay content, e.g., in the sand (sized) flats of calcareous and siliciclastic intertidal sediments is rather moderate and can be neglected. Approaching the mud flats of both subenvironments the increasing clay content may matter. In these loci, however, herringbone bedding does no longer play a part. The same holds true for the shoreface deposits (HCS) laid down and reworked below the fair-weather base by storms and tsunamis (?).   Both near shore marine environments are not very much prone to the settling down of clay particles due to the special hydrodynamic conditions. I mentioned the age of deposition. Bedding types may also get blurred the older they are and secondary clay minerals may come into being. As a result of this flaser bedding or clay partings may not only be mistaken for one or the other bedding types mentioned above by a novice but also during a quick-look survey by an “old dog”. In calcareous rocks the grain morphology may play a part if it deviates strongly from that of ooids and pellets which come close to the quartz grains in shape. To my knowledge, it is mainly this type of intraclasts you might encounter frequently in these marine regimes. In conclusion, the younger both clastic sediments of the calcareous and silica realms are the closer the bedding types resemble each other and the afore-mentioned hints successfully can be applied as marker for the hydrodynamic conditions.

Best regards

Harald

Thank you so much Prof. Harald Dill and Prof. Kenneth Towe. I have got exactly what I wished for!

Best regards

Suman Sarkar

Dear Dr. Sarkar,

I would like to add some informations about HCS to the very exhaustive answer of Prof. Dill. 

The HCS have been found also in other depositional environments like in the offshore transition (very common) and offshore as well as in lacustrine setting.

I have published a review  about HCS (Morsilli and Pomar, 2012), where you can find many references and also a different view about the possible mechanism that can generate the hydrodynamic condition to generate HCS. We believe that HCS can be relate to the occurrence of Internal waves breaking, that in carbonate are also important for ecological requirements of many organisms (Pomar et al., 2012).

Best regards

Michele

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Dear Dr. Morsilli,

Thank you so much for the valuable information.

Best regards

Suman

 Thanks dear researchers 

I have the same problem but now I fine all the answers for all the questions I asked for my self in my reserch field in Senegal about the sedimentary structures...

Thank you a lot