Tourism is commonly perceived as a profitable but risky option for communities  in most part of the world. Tourism risk management is a systematic approach to making decisions under conditions of uncertainty, dealing with the total risk, by anticipating possible opportunities and accidental losses, and designating and implementing procedures that minimize; i) the occurrence of loss, and/or ii) the social, economic and environmental impact of the losses that do occur. Safety and Security of tourist, destination and host country behaviour,  demand and supply situation are some of the important risk associated with tourism industry. Some of the important link may be helpful in this  are as below:

·         http://www.slideshare.net/fotiou/risk-management-in-tourism-destinations

·         https://www.google.co.in/search?q=dimensions+of+risk+management+in+tourism+sector&oq=dimensions+of+risk+management+in+tourism+sector&aqs=chrome..69i57j69i61.3031j0j8&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

·         https://journal.lib.uoguelph.ca/index.php/rasaala/article/view/1509/2103

·         https://www.elsevier.com/books/tourism-security-and-safety/mansfeld/978-0-7506-7898-8

tourism is complex activity and it is completely depend on the relationship between host and guest population even it use natural resources it can create problem like pollution through waste management and all but importantly it is create obstacle in the privacy of the local people so it is having more risk but for that it is necessary to plan sustainable and positive approach and even it should impose some rules and regulations 

The development and implementation of tourism risk management strategies which comprehensively address potential risks to tourism are now becoming an integral part of managing tourism in destinations. These tourism risk management strategies should link to community disaster management plans and include actions which tourism operators and organizations can take to complement the work of community disaster management agencies.

Risk management plans for tourism should provide, as appropriate and as a minimum, for:

• the safety of visitors and employees;

• secure systems to communicate with all persons within the facility and within the destination;

• security of buildings, facilities and equipment from the effects of the disaster;

• contributing trained liaison personnel to the disaster management agencies during response

and recovery operations, as required;

• supplying resources to support response and recovery operations; and

• procedures for return to normal business activities upon termination of the disaster

The World Tourism Organization (2003) identifies risks to the safety and security of visitors, host communities and tourism employees from four sources:

1. The Human and Institutional Environment. These risks exist when visitors fall victim to:

· common delinquency (theft, pickpocketing, assault, burglary, fraud, deception);

·  indiscriminate and targeted violence (such as rape) and harassment;

·  organized crime (extortion, the slave trade, coercion);

.   terrorism and unlawful interference (attacks against state institutions and the vital interests of the state), hijacking and hostage taking;

· wars, social conflicts and political and religious unrest; and

·  a lack of public and institutional protection services.

     2. Tourism and Related Sectors

Tourism and sectors related to tourism such as transport, sports and retail trade, can endanger visitors' personal security, physical integrity and economic interests through:

· poor safety standards in tourism establishments (fire, construction errors, lack of anti-seismic protection);

· poor sanitation and disrespect for environmental sustainability;

· the absence of protection against unlawful interference, crime and delinquency at tourism facilities;

· fraud in commercial transactions;

·  non-compliance with contracts; and

·  industrial disputes by staff.

     3. Individual Travelers

Travelers or visitors can endanger their own safety and security, and those of their hosts by:

· practicing dangerous sports and leisure activities, dangerous driving, and consuming unsafe food and drink;

. travelling when in poor health, which deteriorates during the trip;

· causing conflict and friction with local residents through inadequate behaviour towards the local communities or by breaking local laws;

· carrying out illicit or criminal activities (eg, trafficking in illicit drugs);

·  visiting dangerous areas; and

·  losing personal effects, documents, money, etc, through carelessness.

4. Physical and Environmental Risks

Physical and environmental damage can occur if travelers

·  are unaware of the natural characteristics of the destination, in particular its flora and fauna;

·  have not undertaken adequate medical preparations for the trip (vaccinations, prophylaxis);

·  do not take the necessary precautions when consuming food or drink or in their personal hygiene; and

·  are exposed to dangerous situations arising from the physical environment. 

Physical and environmental risks are also largely personal risks: the result of the traveler’s ignorance or his or her disregard for potential risks. In fact, overseas visitors are most likely to be injured in unfamiliar environments and while participating in unfamiliar activities.

Despite these four identified sources of risk, the threat to physical safety has become the major concern for travelers since the events of 11 September 2001.

Risk treatment plan:

The following steps must be addressed in the risk treatment plan:

·  Allocate responsibilities;

·  Identify timelines;

·  Decide methods of implementation;

·  Establish expected outcomes;

·  Source and allocate budget;

·   Identify key performance indicators and milestones; and

·   Establish monitoring and review processes.

·    Decisions and decision-making processes;

·    Expectations and attitudes;

·    New sources of risk;

·    Risk ratings and priorities of existing hazards;

·    Allocation of risk ratings and priorities to newly identified hazards;

·    Elements at risk;

·    Implementation of existing risk treatment measures;

·    Additional risk treatment measures to be implemented;

·    Responsibilities for implementation; and

·   Timelines for each stage and project completion.

In general terms, national governments are responsible for the development, coordination and implementation of policies relating to risk and disaster management. National governments establish strategic directions for risk and disaster management processes and, in most countries, provide the funding for related activities. Strategies are developed by the responsible government departments hosting multi-agency committees with representation from all key stakeholders.

As a significant global industry, tourism is a significant contributor to the economy of most countries, but it plays a key economic role in developing countries where it can provide the primary source of foreign exchange and be a major driver of economic development. As the world’s largest non-government economic sector, tourism is particularly vulnerable to the impact of disasters.