That is one of the broadest questions I have found on RG. Usually the labels of the journals are informative of their content. For example some of them put more emphasis on qualitative research. other journals on quantities, and finally some on psychometric properties.
I have attached a link with 'loads' of information that may be of some interest for you.
Do you mean "types" and "content" regarding the structure and purpose of a paper, which may apply not only to statistics, but other disciplines as well? I think the major distinction is whether a research paper is (1) original research, or (2) a review paper. But in practice, any one paper can contain both elements. Even "original research" is built on other work.
Another distinction might be methodology versus applied, as in two of the "series" of the Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Or perhaps theoretical versus applied. But again, a paper can contain more than one element.
is your question about different types of research designs? or about different type of published researches in journals? or the content of research paper (manuscript)?