In biomedical field, signals such as ECG is periodic(because of the repeated PQRST waveform). But what kind of classification algorithm is used to classify a signal as periodic?
in order to figure out whether a signal is periodical, you could use the analysis of autocorrelation functions (ACF-plots) from time series analysis (see e.g. here https://otexts.com/fpp2/autocorrelation.html)
In order to classifiy different signals acording to their periodicity, I would map the signals into the frequency domain using FFT (Fast-Fourier-Transformation) and would use a conventional classification algorithm on their frequencies.