Relative involvement of different muscles in the postural changes and maintaining balancing needs to assessed, This will help us in creating the assessment of postural imbalances in normal individuals which can cause undue overload on few other joints like knee joint which would lead to development of OA. Thus preventive measures can be adopted through postural training!
Dear Arun,
I think that your question is a bit extensive, since the contributions to the biomechanics related to the postural changes would depend on the predefined task (standing, walking, oriented task) and would imply certain musculoskeletal action of the whole body. Considering postural control as a behavior, it involves the maintenance of the alignment of body posture and the adoption of an appropriate vertical relationship between body segments to counteract gravitational forces. To get it, a primary contribution comes from postural muscle tone, whereas a second is related with the maintenance of equilibrium (i.e., individual's base of support). Posturographic, electrogoniometric, video-based stereometric or electromagnetic systems have been used to determine the forces or electromyographic activity patterns underlying such behaviors (see book Bronstein et al., 2004 Clinical Disorders of Balance, Posture and Gait). Thus, I guess that you would need to limit the degrees of freedom of your question (i.e. register control population and limit the analysis to one task and articulation -i.e. knee, Nisell, 1985-), but in order to get a more powerful approach, it would be useful to study this activity with more than one technique (i.e. kinematics, force, EMG). To simplify the human motor mechanisms underlying normal perturbations while maintaining posture, some groups have proposed inverted pendulum models of the centre of mass (Winter 1995 @ gait and posture). Such works have led to interesting information about different muscle interactions (i.e., knee) during gait and stance and also have used to provide interesting information related with balance control in motor disorders (i.e., Parkinson's Disease, cerebellar ataxia).
Best,
Dear Kumar,
I sent to you two papers which I like very much! It's Winter's papers and I believe that you will can find a real responses of your question.
In addition look also the classic book :
- Winter, D (1990) Biomechanics of human movement. New York: John Wiley.
Dear Arun
you might check the two articles by N. Peter Reeves et al. in Clin Biomech 2007 (The six blind men and the elephant) and 2011(Lessons from balancing a stick). They both concerns spinal stability and you can get an idea of the concept.
all the best
Markus
Dear Arun,
maybe this manuscript will help you with your problem.
Kind regards.
http://www.actabio.pwr.wroc.pl/Vol17No2/11.pdf
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