- Material vulnerability. Risk areas. Economic hardship. Inaccessible Education and health-care resources
- Social and organizational vulnerability. Disjointed or nonexistent social network
- Motivational or attitudinal vulnerability. Fatalism. Cultural or religious values unfavourable to social participation processes. Learned helplessness regarding the lack of coherence between the encouraged coping strategies and the ineffectiveness of their results.
- Environmental vulnerability. Unsustainable development, depletion of natural resources