Richard A Swanson (2007) Analysis for Improving Performance: Tools for Diagnosing Organizations and Documenting Workplace Expertise, 2nd Edition. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. San Francisco, CA, USA.
Michael West (2013) Return On Process (ROP): Getting Real Performance Results from Process Improvement. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL, USA.
Looking for results based PMS is like establishing indicators scientifically. Managing better performance management is like building a mindset in the organization to achieve strategic objectives. The following link will advance your thought:
In 2007, the Asian Development Bank introduced the Development Effectiveness Review, an annual report by ADB Management that assesses ADB's progress in implementing its long-term strategic framework, Strategy 2020. The review covers all operations financed by ADB's ordinary capital resources and the Asian Development Fund, which is ADB's concessional lending window. The review presents emerging trends and identifies actions for improving corporate performance. All reports prepared to date are at http://www.adb.org/documents/series/development-effectiveness-review.
Have a look at my article NPV-Relevant Product Description and B2B Marketing Contribution to Value Creation. available in the net in pdf. I wrote there about controlling based on non-financial and financial value drivers and their reasons.
In my personal opinion, your question is too broad because you will end up in too many studies, which may not be of your interest. My humble suggestion is to look for the specific industry you are focusing. This will help you to further follow the trail as studies give ideas and references to further look in your areas of interest. Have a look into Herman Aguinis 'why we hate PM and why should we love it' or many articles by Gerald Feriss (also on RG) and also by Elaine Pulakos 2004, Performance Management: A roadmap for developing, implementing and evaluating performance management systems.