Why are nickel superalloys called 'Superalloys'? What puts them in this category?
Super alloys possess excellent mechanical properties with very high resistance to temperature
Super alloys: Properties and Applications
Working at up-normal conditions.
Super alloys are complex, high-performance alloys, which have a high tolerance of oxidizing environments and high temperatures. They are typically classified according to their predominant matrix element; nickel, cobalt, or iron, and they contain multiple alloying elements including the refractory metals (Nb, Mo, W, Ta), chromium, and titanium. They exhibit high mechanical strength, creep resistance and corrosion resistance, especially at high temperatures. These properties make them more challenging to produce and costlier than other alloys, but they are also critical for components in industries such as aerospace.
Please read the following Refs.
[1] Donachie, M.J. and Donachie, S.J., 2002, ASM International, Superalloys: A Technical Guide, 2nd Edition, Materials Park, Ohio, USA
[2] El-Bagoury, N. 2016, “Ni Based Superalloy: Casting Technology, Metallurgy, Development, Properties And Applications”, International Journal of Engineering Sciences and Research Technology, Vol. 5, No. 108.
[3] Encyclopedia Britannica, “Superalloy”, https://www.britannica.com/technology/superalloy.
[4] Nickel Institute, “Nickel based alloys”, https://www.nickelinstitute.org/about-nickel/nickel-alloys.
[5] Cobalt Institute, “Superalloys”, [Online] https://www.cobaltinstitute.org/superalloys.html.
[6] Kracke, A., 2010, "Superalloys, The most successful alloy system of modern time – past, present and future", 7th International Symposium on Superalloy 718 and Derivatives, TMS.
[7] Reed, R.C., 2008, The Superalloys, Fundamentals and Applications, Cambridge University Press
[8] Materials Technology TMS, “Processing of Superalloys”, [Online] https://www.tms.org/Communities/FTAttachments/Superalloys%20Processing%20Summary.pdf.
[9] General Electric, How sintering works powder metallurgy, [Online] https://www.ge.com/additive/additive-manufacturing/information/materials/powder-metallurgy-sintering.
[10] European Powder Metallurgical Association, EPMA, Additive Manufacturing, [Online] https://www.epma.com/additive-manufacturing
[11] Weber, J.H., Banerjee, M. K., 2016, Nickel-Based Superalloys: Alloying, Reference Module in Materials Science and Materials Engineering, Elsevier.
[12] Science Daily, [Online] https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/06/070613140415.htm.
The superalloys have, high thermal resistant, high strength and stiffness, high corrosion resistant. such as mixture of cobalt, titanium, nickle and etc.
Dear Dharaiya,
The main criterion for placing an alloy in a "superalloys" is the heat-resistance of the material.
@Vishesh Dharaiya you have to understand the history of alloy to know why it's called super alloy.
1. First of all, its not due to heat resistant or superior mechanical properties, rather the first super alloy is not Nickel base, it's Cobalt base alloy.
2. During the race of getting more power from a fixed volume of internal combustion (IC) engine, manufacturers starts to install Super chargers in the vehicles.
3. The super charger delivers compressed cold air to IC engine and to power the super charger to perform this work super charger expands the hot exhaust gas from IC engine.
4. Therefore the alloy used in Super chargers are known as "SUPER ALLOY", and it can withstand high temperature.
Thanks
PS M Jena
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