Emerging contaminants are present in traces in water, air and soil. these can not be removed by conventional treatment methods. ECs are classified on the basis of their causes or sources of origin such as pharmaceuticals, agricultural ECs etc
Pharmaceuticals are an important group of ECs and their presence in drinking water has generated significant concerns regarding the risk of estrogenic and other adverse effects on humans and fauna.
Approximately 3000 different substances are estimated to be used as pharmaceutical ingredients, including painkillers, antibiotics, antidiabetics, beta blockers, contraceptives, lipid regulators, antidepressants, and impotence drugs. Only a small subset of these ECs has been investigated in environmental studies.In recent years significant research has been undertaken for the development of technologies for the removal of emerging pollutants (ECs) in water. Advanced wastewater treatment processes, including ozonation, UV irradiation, photolysis, reverse osmosis, peroxidation (peroxide and UV), and ultrasound can generally achieve higher reduction percentages than conventional treatment. While there are a wide range of drinking water treatment processes in use, none have been specifically designed for the reduction of PPCP/EDCs.
Following Process to remove emerging contaminants.
1. Phase-changing technologies
Technologies capable of moving contaminants from one phase (e.g., water) into another (e.g., solid) have been widely reported in the removal of emerging contaminants. Adsorption processes have been extensively studied for the removal of several different pollutants
2. Adsorption using activated carbon (AC)
Activated carbon (AC) is the most frequently used material because of its high porosity and specific surface area. These features make AC highly adsorptive and effective in removing a range of contaminants
3. Adsorption using Biochar.
4. Adsorption by clay mineral
5. Other adsorbents
Several other adsorbent materials have been reported in research literature for removing ECs. These include zeolites, meso- and micro-porous materials, resins, and metal oxides Membrane Technology..
6. Biological Process.(with activated sludge system)
7. Advanced oxidation Process.
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