Local climate zone and its changes with gradient analysis is one of applicable solution. If you wish please try with given link

https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/1/25

Article Quantifying Surface Urban Heat Island Formation in the World...

I would start by looking at data from official organ weather stations and analyze the change over the years.

Yes is now necessary topic

Ferret is the software where you can get climate parameters analysis

You can dounload from NOAA site and their tutorial also

It will work under LINUX

Fast of all down lode or collect Climate data and then analysis the data like trend analysis and predict the data for future condition and others analysis also.. for identification of climate change.

Climate change is a vast domain. Please specify more on the topic.

There are a lot of data products available on NASA's and NOAA's portal. (MODIS data is personal fav).

For climate modelling various GCMs are there. For glacial retreat you can use WinSRM and WinSRM+ softwares.

I would suggest you to acquire some knowledge of Remote Sensing for it opens up broad spectrum of possibilities in the arena of climate change research!

Good luck!

Dear Md. to estmate climate changes, first calculate the annual evapotranspiration for the study area ( use Peneman-Monteith eq.), second calculate the annual precipitation, then use climatic quality index equation (which include both of them) to determine wet and arid areas for that year. after that repeat this procedure for a period and calculate variances for the city.