Covid19 vaccines developed by Prfizer Inc - BioN Tech Inc, from observations in Phase 3 Clinical trials showed >90% efficacy, so did Covid19 vaccine of Moderna Biotech/Pharma in Germany. But the storage conditions are more demanding and strigent, requiring far colder temperatures to maintain their stabilities.
Hiwever, Covid19 vaccine developed by Astra Zeneca was found to be around 70% plus effective, but this vaccine can be stored closer to ambient room temperature, compared to the fomer ones stated here.
These are concepts being looked at by the remarkable scientists at these Biotech and Pharma firms .
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The Oxford-AstraZeneka (Ox-AZ) Phase-3 trial results are an excellent example of confounding attributable to Simpson's paradox, whereby the results for the combined sample are different than the results obtained for (any of) the constituent samples.
Here is a link to a brief discussion of five issues which undermine the initial Ox-AZ research:
https://odajournal.com/2020/12/02/the-initial-findings-from-the-oxford-astrazeneca-covid-19-vaccine-efficacy-trial-are-paradoxically-confounded-from-the-editor/
Britain on Wednesday granted emergency approval to the coronavirus vaccine from pharmaceutical giant Pfizer and the German company BioNTech, becoming the first Western country to authorize mass inoculations that could lead to an end of the pandemic. https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/britain-pfizer-coronavirus-vaccine/2020/12/02/90f7276e-3470-11eb-9699-00d311f13d2d_story.html%3foutputType=amp
In November 2020, Pfizer Inc, Moderna and the University of Oxford (in collaboration with AstraZeneca), announced positive results from interim analyses of their Phase III vaccine trials. On 2 December, temporary regulatory approval was granted by the UK medicines regulator MHRA for the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, which is also under evaluation for emergency use authorization (EUA) status by the US FDA, and in several other countries. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine