Hello!!! I would like to have your views and thoughts on what to include in a climate change resilience assessment framework for urban environments. Thank you
Studying the effect of "summer years" and the extreme weather events associated with climate change could be a good starting point. In addition, taking into account the urban heat island effect could also improve the accuracy of your proposal.
You may find it interesting to read the special topic papers published in a recent issue of Advance in Climate Change Research. A position paper defines a few terms related to urban climate change, and raises a few of key issues in the basic research of urban climate change.
Urban populations will increasingly be forced to cope with increased incidents of flooding, air and water pollution, heat stress, extreme climatic events, vehicular pollution, ground level ozone (tropospheric ozone), aerosols, municipal and sewage wastes and vector-borne diseases. The major question is how to manage climate-related impacts in an urban context by promoting planned and autonomous adaptation. It is necessary to assess and build urban resilience to climate change in a way that reduces the vulnerability of the citizens due to climate change and extreme climatic events. There is a need to carry out vulnerability assessment and identifying the hot spots for taking appropriate management options for sustenance. Also there is a need to identify appropriate mitigation and adaptation options for facing the challenges of climate change and extreme climatic/episodic events. There is a need for early early warning system and proper disaster management steps to be spelt out.
I see That Urbanization and the direction of the people to live in cities, is considered one of the most important cities climate change factors. Where people's desire to own the means of transport, and the absence of the role of public transport, and traffic congestion on city streets .... etc.
I recommend reading the following article that contains serious information.
City Transport: It’s About Moving People, Not Vehicles.
First, give some thought to what you mean by "resilience". Beyond that, work on specific metrics that have meaning to people. For example, if you are in a desert climate, water and energy use (for air conditioning) would be obvious metrics. In our "feedbacks" paper, we also looked at length of the growing season (for crops), heat stress for crops and dairy cows, crime rates, etc. In the second attached article (environmental consequences), we also looked at the interaction of water, salt, and heating in Phoenix. If you are in a cool climate, some impacts may be beneficial - like fewer heating degree days. Unfortunately, I haven't done that project yet (even though I now live in Minneapolis!). Finally, note that in many places, the local (urban) warming effect, caused by the city itself, is far greater than any global influence, at least up unitl now. Changes in urban design (smaller parking lots; more trees; white roofs, etc.) can really cool things down.
Follow the UNDP resilience index, 101 resilience city resilience index, or world risk index. these index are for resilience of the city for all risks and hazards, but you could take out which are related to climate change.
You should start by defining Resilience and classify different type of urban environment. Resilience to climate change may be defined as the process of adapting well to the effects, threats, hazards and stress associated with climate change.
You will need to classify type of urban environment because some of the effects of climate change may impact on cities and towns differently. Here location of the urban environment is key. The effects of climate change on coastal urban environment will be different from none coastal ones.
In general terms, your framework should focus on how different urban environment will bounce back or adapt to the following climatic stress/hazards:
1. River floods, rainfall and flash floods
2. tidal wave, cyclones, storm surge, and sea level rise
3. Extreme temperature changes and associated effect e.g. heat wave in summer, extreme winter, snow.
4. A combine effect of two or three of the above
5. Massive destruction/interference of the urban infrastructure by one or a combine effect of the above.