Can someone explain to me what is exactly soap and rest. I have in the past build a simple application where users were able to retrieve some data from some system by using a URL. Was this soap or rest. if it is rest, how would this be done in soap and vice versa
REST is an approach to building web services. It defines a set of constraints that if followed can allow a system to be highly scalable, robust and resilient.
Depending on the extent to which your system stuck with the constraints proposed by REST, it would be called RESTful. A good idea would be to read up on Fielding's dissertation and other thoughts on REST.
SOAP is a protocol, it can be used to expose functions of services over the web. When first released it was highly touted as a simple way to achieve interoperability, with major vendors supporting it's use in their enterprise packages (.Net, Java EE and so on). It would appear that vendors have moved on from advertising achieving interoperability with SOAP and are headed back to REST-based approaches in their offerings.
SOAP and REST can't be directly compared because SOAP is a protocol while REST is an architectural style. Read http://stackoverflow.com/questions/19884295/soap-vs-rest-differences
Using only URL to invoke services is REST. operations in such a system are represented as objects and invoked using http directives like get, put... In SOAP based systems we have to express operations (interfaces: input , output and operation name) in the same manner like a procedural language, the difference is the use of an XML based language (SOAP; also a protocol :) ) to allow the transfer via http.
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