they are correlated with each other I think. However, understanding philosophical underpinnings is very important as they influence school culture and general policy, leading to teachers' different management styles. In other words, philosophical intentions are important (e.g., Buddism, Islam, Christianity, etc). For instance, generally speaking, Chinese adopts traditional classroom settings, influenced by Confucianism. Confucianism, as a result, affect people's belief system in learning (e.g., how school should be? how policy should be enacted to respond to students' learning needs, and how teachers should approach their management styles?).

But I also think attribute is also important which influences teachers' management styles as well. So, you may ask yourself what kind of school it is. For example, take a look at private schools vs public schools. They approach teaching somehow differently. I did an internship in a private school in China, where teachers are assigned to use storybooks for English learning with friendly management styles. In contrast, this situation barely happens in public schools as they are more into learning for exams scenario.

In sum, I think we can approach this situation starting from looking at philosophical underpinnings and the attribute of the schools.

I think the influence of administrative stuff and policies also depends on the social context. Some societies rely on institutional decisions much more than others, in which, horizontal leadership would shape classroom management instead. This horizontal leadership would be even more important in private institutions. In some cases, law would provide the most general setting for classroom management for both public and private institutions, in the function of events and detected needs.

For instance, scandals of sexual harassment and other forms of inadequate behavior on the one hand, as radical needs like the resulting of CoVid 19 scenario on the other, are at the origin of important legal reforms.

School culture and general policies have a significant influence on a teacher's classroom management style, shaping their expectations, disciplinary approaches, and overall classroom environment, as the prevailing norms and values within the school directly impact how teachers interact with students and manage behavior in their classrooms.