Ket =RT/n2F2ActC

In the above equation, Ket is heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant, A is a geometric area (cm2), R is gas constant (J K-1mol-1), T is temperature (K), F is Faraday constant, n is a number of electrons transfer, and C is a concentration of the redox probe in bulk solution.

  Kapp= ψ ( πnFvD)1/2 {DR/DO }α/2

In the Nicholson equation, Kapp is the apparent heterogeneous rate constant, ψ is a dimensionless charge transfer parameter related to ΔEp, n is the symbol of the number of electrons transferred during the electrode reaction, α is the transfer coefficient, υ is the scan rate, DR and DO are the diffusion coefficient of the reduced and oxidized species, and other symbols have their usual meanings. Ket and Kapp values  of [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- with different modified electrodes is different? Ket and Kapp values  at composite electrode was larger compared with bare GCE. What is the meaning of Ket and Kapp values at different modified electrodes?  I wonder what caused these results?

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