In some univerities supervisors (mentors, tutors) have major role in evaluation of PhD Thesis (most universaities in Germany). In some other Univerisities they can not participate in evaluations at all because this is mconsidered a conflict of interest PhD Standards of ORPEHUS for biomedicine and helath sciences (www.orpheus-med.org)
This is true, in the U.S. the student has a panel of supervisors, that will assess the dissertaion, while in the U.K. an external examiner is called in to do the assessment. Now that you mentioned Germany HEIs, I wonder if part of it has to do with culture of U.S. vs. U.K. vs Germany. Germans and Americans are for more direct than the British and would have no problem telling a student that a thesis is bad. The Brits on the otherhand are not direct at all, and always prefer to have "someone else" do the dirty work.
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