The choice of inductive or deductive method can result in significant differences in the conclusion of the research? There are other effective methods?
I think that inductivism and hypothetico-deductive methods could be the two most basic methodological flavours. However, I would point out what for example T. Nickles says (bootstrap theory of scientific justification) - you as a scientist don't simply choose one method; what you do is pretty much based on a particular problem and effective *routines* that are supposed to lead to a resolution of the problem (so it has very much to do with pragmaticism). Scientific progress is thus given by mutual "bootstrapping" of various theories and data.